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Canada

Canada

Le Canada

Flag of Canada
Coat of Arms of Canada

Government Information

Capital: Ottawa (Ottawa)

Population: 40.1 million (2023 est)

Area: 9,984,670 km² (3,855,103 sq mi)

Government Type: Federal parliamentary democracy

Head of State: King Charles III

Head of Government: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau

Legislature: Parliament of Canada

National Languages: English, French

Establishment: July 1, 1867 (Confederation)

Photos

Canada Landscape 1
Canada Landscape 2
Canada Landscape 3
Canada Cityscape 1
Canada Cityscape 2
Canada Cityscape 3

Demographics

Population Stats

Core Metrics (2024):

Total Population: 40.1M

Growth Rate: 1.15%

Median Age: 41.7

Life Expectancy: 82.7

Population Density: 4.2/km²

Age Distribution:

0-14 years: 15.8%

15-64 years: 65.5%

65+ years: 18.7%

Working Age: 26.3M

Dependency Ratio: 52.7%

Geographic Split:

Urban: 81.8%

Rural: 18.2%

Greater Toronto: 16.7%

Provincial Capitals: 31.2%

Other Urban: 50.6%

Province Distribution
Ontario: 38.8%Quebec: 23.2%B.C.: 13.5%
Toronto Metro
6.7M
Population 15-40
14.8M
World
#39
Population
Rank

Social Indicators

Education (2024):

Literacy Rate: 99%

Higher Education: 57.5%

Public Universities: 96

Student Population: 2.1M

Education Spending: 5.4% GDP

Social Metrics:

Healthcare Coverage: 100%

Social Security: 97.2%

Income Equality: 33.3 Gini

Poverty Rate: 8.2%

Middle Class: 74.3%

Cultural Data:

Christian: 53.3%

No Religion: 34.6%

Other Faiths: 12.1%

Languages: English (75.4%)

French: 22.8%

Religious Distribution
Christian: 53.3%None: 34.6%Other: 12.1%
Population in Poverty
3.3M
Christian Population
21.4M
Social
0.936
Development
Index

Demographic Trends

Household Data (2024):

Average Size: 2.4 people

Single Person: 29.3%

Couples with Kids: 25.8%

Single Parents: 15.2%

Multi-Family: 2.9%

Marriage & Family:

Marriage Rate: 4.4/1000

Divorce Rate: 1.9/1000

Median Marriage Age: 31.9

First Child Age: 30.2

Home Ownership: 66.5%

Living Patterns:

Renting: 33.5%

Mortgage Holders: 35.2%

Outright Owners: 31.3%

Shared Housing: 4.8%

Avg. Household Income: $92.8K

Ethnic Distribution
European: 72.9%Asian: 17.7%Other: 9.4%
Annual Population Change
+1.15%
European Descent
29.2M
2050
48.8M
Population
Forecast

Economy

Economic Assets

Core Metrics (2024):

GDP: C$2.85T

GDP Growth: 1.5%

GDP Per Capita: C$72.5K

National Debt: C$1.28T

Debt/GDP: 44.9%

Market Data:

Stock Market Cap: C$3.85T

Bond Market: C$2.45T

Forex Reserves: $112B

Gold Reserves: 0.6 tons

Currency Rate: 0.74

Trade (2024):

Exports: C$795B

Imports: C$765B

Balance: +C$30B

Trade Volume: C$1.56T

Partners: 190+ countries

Economic Health
Fiscal: 92%Market: 88%Resilience: 95%
Market Confidence
92%
Global Position
90%
Global
#8
Economic
Power

Budget Breakdown

Government Budget (2024):

Total Budget: C$498.5B

Defense: C$32.4B

Healthcare: C$88.5B

Social Programs: C$125.2B

Debt Service: C$42.8B

Key Allocations:

Education: C$45.2B

Infrastructure: C$38.6B

Environment: C$28.5B

Innovation: C$22.4B

Indigenous: C$18.2B

Revenue Sources:

Income Tax: C$198.5B

GST/HST: C$85.2B

Corporate Tax: C$68.4B

EI Premiums: C$32.8B

Other Sources: C$113.6B

Budget Performance
Target: 92%Revenue: 95%Balance: 88%
Oil Exports
112.5Mt
Minerals Exports
52.8Mt
Budget
97.5%
Absorption
Rate

Economic Performance

Key Indicators (2024):

Inflation Rate: 3.1%

Interest Rate: 5.0%

Unemployment: 5.5%

Labor Force: 21.2M

Job Growth: +35K/mo

Market Stats (2024):

TSX: +6.8% = 21,850

S&P/TSX 60: +5.9% = 1,320

Market Vol: C$12.5B/day

IPOs: 85/year

Market Cap: C$3.85T

Sector Growth:

Energy: +4.8%

Mining: +3.5%

Tech: +8.2%

Financial: +3.8%

Green Tech: +12.5%

Economic Vitality
Diversity: 88%Stability: 92%Innovation: 95%
Economic Health
92%
Market Leadership
88%
5-Year
1.8%
Growth
Forecast

Culture

Cultural Assets

Heritage Sites (2024):

UNESCO World Heritage: 20

Cultural Sites: 9

Natural Sites: 10

Mixed Sites: 1

Memory of World: 16

Infrastructure:

Museums: 2,750

Art Galleries: 1,530

Theaters: 785

Cultural Centers: 1,250

Indigenous Centers: 245

Investment (2024):

Total: CAD 3.8B

Per Capita: CAD 98

% of GDP: 0.7%

Public Share: 72%

Private Share: 28%

Cultural Access
Free Entry: 95%Daily: 92%Virtual: 85%
Heritage Preservation
94.5%
Public Accessibility
92.5%
Global
#10
Ranking
Cultural Heritage

Cultural Engagement

Annual Events (2024):

Just For Laughs: 2.1M

TIFF: 850K

Cultural Festivals: 650

Art Exhibitions: 1,850

Indigenous Events: 385

Participation:

Cultural Events: 28.5M

Museum Visits: 18.2M

Live Performance: 22.5M

Digital Access: 88%

Youth Programs: 4.8M

Popular Events:

Calgary Stampede: 1.2M

Winterlude: 600K

Celebration of Light: 400K

Folk Festivals: 850K

Cultural Days: 2.1M

Cultural Engagement
Physical: 88%Digital: 85%Youth: 82%
Regular Events
42M
Major Festivals
32M
Annual
74M
Participants
Cultural Events

Cultural Identity

Traditional Arts:

Indigenous Centers: 245

Dance Companies: 385

Music Groups: 850

Craft Studios: 1,450

Art Galleries: 1,530

Cultural Practice:

Active Artists: 158K

Indigenous Artists: 45K

Musicians: 85K

Artisans: 65K

Cultural Groups: 4.2K

Recognition:

Living Treasures: 125

Protected Practices: 285

Cultural Routes: 65

Master Artists: 245

Heritage Labels: 185

Heritage Activities
Indigenous: 85%Folk: 82%Modern: 88%
Traditional Practice
85%
Youth Engagement
82%
Active
353K
Practitioners
Cultural Arts

Education

Education System

Coverage (2024):

Public System: 100%

Primary: 99.9%

Secondary: 92.5%

Private Schools: 7.8%

Higher Ed: 63.3%

Infrastructure:

Public Schools: 15,500

Private Schools: 1,935

Universities: 97

Technical Schools: 235

Research Centers: 485

Expenditure (2024):

Total: $115.8B CAD

Per Student: $14,850 CAD

% of GDP: 6.2%

Public Share: 90.3%

Private Share: 9.7%

Education Access
Basic: 100%Secondary: 92.5%Higher: 63.3%
Literacy (Adult Rate)
99%
Completion (Secondary)
91.8%
Global
4
Ranking
Education System

Education Metrics

PISA Scores (2022):

Math: 497

Reading: 520

Science: 515

OECD Average Gap: +12.5%

Regional Rank: 1st

Key Indicators:

Student-Teacher: 15:1

Graduation Rate: 89%

Dropout Rate: 5.7%

Digital Access: 96.5%

Research Output: 4.1%

Quality:

Accredited Unis: 100%

Int'l Publications: 98K

Research Impact: 1.43

Nobel Laureates: 26

Global Patents: 35.2K

Education Quality
Quality: 100%Standards: 96%Outcomes: 92%
University Rankings (Top 1000)
28
Research (Global Share)
4.1%
Quality
A+
Grade
National Rating

Education Workforce

Educators:

Teachers: 782,000+

Professors: 45,800+

Researchers: 159,000+

Admin Staff: 92,500+

Support Staff: 185,000+

Training (2024):

Teacher Colleges: 62

Annual Graduates: 28,500

PhD Programs: 235

Research Posts: 24,800

Training Centers: 185

Avg. Salary (CAD/Year):

Primary Teacher: 85K

Secondary: 89K

University Prof: 125K

Senior Prof: 165K

Researcher: 95K

Student-Teacher Ratio
15:1 Primary18:1 Secondary12:1 Higher
Staffing (Positions Filled)
97.5%
Qualified (Teaching Staff)
99.2%
Growth
2.5%
Annual
Workforce Expansion

Healthcare

Healthcare System

Coverage (2024):

Medicare Coverage: 100%

Private Insurance: 67%

Dental Coverage: 62%

Prescription: 78%

Vision Care: 65%

Infrastructure:

Hospitals: 1,200+

Hospital Beds: 93,000

Primary Care Centers: 8,500+

Long-term Care: 2,075

Pharmacies: 11,000+

Expenditure (2024):

Total: C$331B

Per Capita: C$8,563

% of GDP: 11.8%

Public Share: 70%

Private Share: 30%

Healthcare Access
Basic: 100%Extended: 67%Drug: 78%
Coverage
100%
Population Access
Access
92.5%
Care Availability
WHO Ranking
30
Global
Healthcare System

Health Metrics

Life Expectancy:

Overall: 82.3 years

Male: 80.3 years

Female: 84.3 years

Healthy Life: 73.2 years

Global Position: Top 15%

Key Indicators:

Infant Mortality: 4.4/1K

Maternal Mortality: 8.9/100K

Obesity Rate: 26.8%

Diabetes: 8.1%

Heart Disease: 18.5%

Prevention:

Vaccination Rate: 91.5%

Screening Rate: 82.5%

Health Checkups: 78.5%

Mental Health: 68.5%

Chronic Care: 88.5%

Population Health
82.5% Good12.5% Fair5.0% Poor
Quality
88.5%
Patient Satisfaction
Outcomes
85.5%
Success Rate
Health
A-
Grade
National Rating

Medical Workforce

Healthcare Workers:

Physicians: 92,000+

Nurses: 439,000+

Specialists: 48,000+

Pharmacists: 42,000+

Support Staff: 235,000+

Education (2024):

Medical Schools: 17

Annual Med Graduates: 3,000

Nursing Programs: 155

Training Posts: 16,500

Teaching Hospitals: 102

Avg. Salary (C$/Year):

Junior Doctor: 250K

Specialist: 425K

Nurse: 85K

Head Nurse: 115K

Specialist Nurse: 98K

Provider Ratio
2.8 Doctors11.8 Nurses1.6 Specialists
per 1,000 Population
Staffing
92.5%
Filled Positions
Specialists
88.5%
Availability
Growth
2.8%
Annual
Workforce Expansion

Technology

Tech Innovation

Startup Ecosystem:

12 Tech Unicorns

4,865 Active Startups

$8.2B VC Investment

165+ Tech Incubators

8 Major Tech Hubs

Key Sectors (2024):

AI/ML: $12.8B Market

CleanTech: $9.6B Revenue

Digital Media: $14.5B GMV

FinTech: $8.4B Market

BioTech: $6.8B Revenue

Growth Areas:

Quantum Tech: $2.4B

Digital Health: $7.8B

Software Exports: $18.5B

Cloud Services: $12.4B

IT Services: $28.6B

Tech Market Share
42.8% Services38.4% Software18.8% Hardware
Growth
28.5%
Annual Rate
Investment
8.2B
USD (2024)
Tech
96.4B
USD
Digital Economy

Research & Development

Research Centers:

NRC: 42,850 Staff

165 Research Facilities

28 Tech Parks: $4.2B

245 University Labs

$3.8B Equipment

Key Projects (2024):

AI Research: $1.2B

Clean Energy: $985M

Quantum Computing: $845M

Digital Health: $725M

Space Tech: $685M

Output (2023):

4,850 Patents Filed

82,500 Publications

1,845 Tech Transfers

485 Int'l Projects

$12.4B Economic Impact

Research Investment
45.8% Private35.4% Public18.8% Academic
Output
4,850
Patents (2023)
Impact
1.42
Citation Index
R&D
1.68%
of GDP
$28.5B Total

Tech Workforce

Talent Pool (2024):

1.25M Tech Workers

485K Developers

85K Data Scientists

165K IT Engineers

42K AI Specialists

Education:

125 Tech Universities

385K IT Students

82K Annual Grads

98.5% English Proficient

96.8% Employment Rate

Avg. Salary (USD/Year):

Senior Dev: $98,500

Data Scientist: $92,000

DevOps Eng: $94,800

AI Engineer: $105,500

Tech Lead: $125,000

Specialization
42.5% Software38.7% Services18.8% Hardware
Employed
96.8%
Tech Graduates
Demand
98K
Open Positions
Annual
22.4%
Growth
Tech Employment

News

Tourism

Tourism Overview

Key Metrics (2024):

Int'l Visitors: 22.1M/year

Domestic Trips: 278M/year

Total Revenue: $84.2B

GDP Contribution: 6.4%

Tourism Jobs: 1.7M

Top Origins:

USA: 68.4%

UK: 7.2%

China: 6.8%

France: 4.7%

Germany: 3.4%

Top Destinations:

Vancouver: 6.8M/year

Toronto: 6.2M/year

Montreal: 4.8M/year

Banff: 4.2M/year

Niagara Falls: 3.9M/year

Top Int'l Destinations
Vancouver: 30.8%Toronto: 28.1%Montreal: 21.7%
Int'l Tourist Spending
$84.2B
Adventure Tourism
42.7%
UNWTO
#12
Tourism
Rank

Tourism Infrastructure

Accommodation (2024):

Total Hotels: 8,742

Occupancy Rate: 71.8%

Avg. Daily Rate: $198

Mountain Lodges: 684

Wilderness Resorts: 892

Seasonal Activities:

Summer: Hiking, Lakes

Fall: Wildlife, Colors

Winter: Skiing, Aurora

Spring: Maple, Parks

Year-round: Urban Tourism

Key Attractions:

National Parks: 48

UNESCO Sites: 20

Ski Resorts: 275

Lakes: 31,752

Historic Sites: 1,284

Most Visited Attractions
Niagara: 8.2MBanff: 4.2MWhistler: 3.8M
Park Accessibility
92.4%
Transport Coverage
84.7%
WEF Report
A
Infrastructure
Grade

Visitor Experience

Satisfaction (2024):

Overall Rating: 9.2/10

Value for Money: 7.8/10

Safety: 9.6/10

Hospitality: 9.3/10

Return Intent: 88%

Popular Activities:

Nature/Parks: 86.4%

Wildlife Viewing: 72.8%

Winter Sports: 68.7%

Urban Sightseeing: 64.2%

Cultural Sites: 58.9%

Spending Patterns:

Accommodation: 32.8%

Activities: 24.7%

Food & Beverage: 22.4%

Transport: 12.6%

Shopping: 7.5%

Visitor Satisfaction
Overall: 9.2Value: 7.8Safety: 9.6
Avg. Daily Spend
$242
Return Rate
88%
TripAdvisor
#6
Experience
Rank

Infrastructure

Transportation

Road Network:

1.1M KM Total

38,000 KM Trans-Can

82% Good Condition

15,850 Major Bridges

$85B Investment

Rail System:

48,000 KM Track

High-Speed: Planning

Metro: 285 KM

Freight: 42,000 KM

$65B Network

Air & Sea:

26 Major Airports

18 Major Seaports

Arctic Routes

$28B Port Value

$32B Air Network

Network Distribution
Road: 45%Rail: 35%Air: 20%
Coverage
85%
National Access
Condition
82%
Infrastructure Grade
Annual
225
Billion CAD
Transport Budget

Utilities

Power Grid:

850,000 KM Lines

585 Power Plants

68% Renewable Mix

1,850 Smart Stations

$125B Network

Water Systems:

685,000 KM Pipes

1,250 Major Dams

95% Quality Rate

3,850 Treatment

$85B Network

Management:

Gas: 285,000 KM

Hydro: 82% Power

Smart Grid: 75%

Wind Farms: 385

Storage: 185 TWh

System Distribution
Power: 42%Water: 38%Gas: 20%
Coverage
92%
Service Access
Reliability
95%
System Uptime
Annual
185
Billion CAD
Utility Budget

Digital Infrastructure

Network Coverage:

6G: Research Phase

5G: 82% Coverage

Fiber: 85% Access

Rural: 68% Connected

$65B Investment

Smart Systems:

85 Smart Cities

28M IoT Devices

285 Data Centers

88% Cloud Access

$45B Network

Innovation:

AI Integration: 85%

Quantum Ready: 78%

Edge Computing: 82%

Digital Twin: 75%

Cyber Defense: 92%

Tech Distribution
Network: 45%Cloud: 35%Edge: 20%
Speed
85%
Global Ranking
Access
88%
Population Coverage
Annual
125
Billion CAD
Digital Investment

International Relations

Diplomatic Status

Key Alliances:

NATO Member ($24.8B)

Five Eyes Intelligence

G7 Leadership

NORAD Defense ($3.1B)

Commonwealth Chair

Representation:

142 Embassies Active

72 Consulates General

13 Trade Offices

2,840 Diplomatic Staff

C$7.1B GAC Budget

Current Status:

UNSC Campaign 2024

Arctic Council Lead

Indo-Pacific ($2.3B)

Ukraine Support ($5.4B)

G20 Active Member

Mission Distribution
NATO: 45%UN: 35%Other: 20%
Global
94%
Diplomatic Coverage
Americas
97%
Integration Level
Active
189
Diplomatic
Relations

Treaties & Agreements

Major Treaties:

CUSMA ($1.1T Trade)

CPTPP ($147B Access)

CETA ($118.2B EU)

UK Trade ($34.7B)

Pacific Rim ($226B)

Trade Status:

US: $875.3B Trade

EU: $118.2B Exchange

China: $98.7B Flow

Mexico: $48.4B Trade

UK: $34.7B Commerce

Key Agreements:

Defense ($26.4B NATO)

Critical Minerals ($3.8B)

Arctic Council Lead

Energy Exports ($185B)

Tech Partnership ($12.4B)

Agreement Types
Defense: 48%Trade: 32%Other: 20%
Active
892
Total Treaties
Trade
$1.4T
Annual Volume
New
14
Agreements
In 2023

Conflicts & Disputes

Active Disputes:

Lumber US ($5.4B Tax)

Arctic Claims (1.2M km²)

China Trade ($13.7B)

Dairy CUSMA ($1.2B)

Russia Arctic ($8.2B)

Trade Impacts:

Softwood (-18.3%)

Canola ($2.7B Loss)

Steel Tariffs ($3.4B)

Auto Parts ($4.2B)

Dairy Quotas ($840M)

Resolution Progress:

WTO Cases Won: 4

CUSMA Panels: 3

China Talks: Phase 2

EU Resolved: $2.1B

Arctic Mapping +35%

Issue Distribution
Arctic: 44%Maritime: 36%Other: 20%
Resolved
5
2023 Disputes
Active
8
Major Issues
Total
28.4
Billion CAD
Under Dispute

Military

Armed Forces

Army:

23,000 Active

10,000 Combat Forces

6,000 Combat Support

4,000 Logistics

3,000 Command/Intel

Navy:

12,500 Active

6,000 Surface Fleet

2,000 Submarine Force

2,500 Aviation

2,000 Support/Intel

Air Force:

12,000 Active

5,000 Combat Air

3,000 Air Defense

2,000 Space/Arctic

2,000 Tech/Support

Force Distribution
Army: 48%Navy: 26%Air: 26%
Total
47,500
Active Personnel
Combat
42,000
Ready Force
Personnel
125
Per 100K
Population

Equipment & Strategic Forces

Conventional:

82 Main Battle Tanks

94 Combat Aircraft

4 Submarines

12 Frigates

28 Maritime Patrol

Strategic:

NORAD Integration

28 Transport Aircraft

85 Support Helicopters

5 Arctic Patrol Ships

Air Defense Network

Space & Tech:

8 Military Satellites

2,500 Cyber Force

2 Space Centers

54 Early Warning Radar

15 Ground Stations

Asset Distribution
Land: 82Air: 94Sea: 44
Modern
65%
Fleet Status
Strategic
82%
Readiness
Total
220
Major
Systems

Defense Capabilities

Operations:

NATO Integration

NORAD Defense

Arctic Sovereignty

14 Foreign Missions

UN Peacekeeping

Industry:

General Dynamics

CAE

L3Harris Canada

Irving Shipbuilding

Bombardier Defense

Budget:

$26.5B Total

$23.2B Base

$3.3B Research

1.4% GDP

Steady Growth

Budget Allocation
Personnel: 40%Operations: 35%Research: 25%
Local
$10.2B
Industry Output
Active
85%
Operation Rate
Per Soldier
$558K
Annual
Investment
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