OGRe
Open Global Research

China

People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国

China flag
National Emblem of China

Government Information

Capital: Beijing (北京)

Population: 1.4 billion (2023 est.)

Area: 9,596,961 km² (3,705,407 sq mi)

Government Type: Unitary one-party socialist republic

Head of State: President Xi Jinping

Head of Government: Premier Li Qiang

Legislature: National People's Congress

National Language: Standard Chinese (Mandarin)

Establishment: October 1, 1949 (People's Republic)

Photos

China Landscape 1
China Landscape 2
China Landscape 3
China Cityscape 1
China Cityscape 2
China Cityscape 3

Demographics

Population Stats

Core Metrics (2024):

Total Population: 1.41B

Growth Rate: -0.02%

Median Age: 39.8

Life Expectancy: 77.1

Population Density: 147/km²

Age Distribution:

0-14 years: 16.7%

15-64 years: 68.5%

65+ years: 14.8%

Working Age: 966M

Dependency Ratio: 46%

Geographic Split:

Urban: 65.2%

Rural: 34.8%

Greater Shanghai: 2.8%

Provincial Capitals: 18.4%

Other Urban: 44%

Province Distribution
Guangdong: 7.8%Shandong: 7.2%Henan: 6.8%
Shanghai Metro
39.5M
Population 15-40
507M
World
#1
Population
Rank

Social Indicators

Education (2024):

Literacy Rate: 97.3%

Higher Education: 31.5%

Public Universities: 2,738

Student Population: 44.3M

Education Spending: 4.2% GDP

Social Metrics:

Healthcare Coverage: 95%

Social Security: 91.4%

Income Equality: 38.5 Gini

Poverty Rate: 2.7%

Middle Class: 50.8%

Cultural Data:

Non-Religious: 74.2%

Buddhist: 18.2%

Other Faiths: 7.6%

Languages: Mandarin (70.9%)

Dialects: 297 living

Religious Distribution
None: 74.2%Buddhist: 18.2%Other: 7.6%
Population in Poverty
38.1M
Non-Religious Population
1.05B
Social
0.768
Development
Index

Demographic Trends

Household Data (2024):

Average Size: 2.62 people

Single Person: 19.2%

Couples with Kids: 41.7%

Single Parents: 7.3%

Multi-Family: 12.8%

Marriage & Family:

Marriage Rate: 5.4/1000

Divorce Rate: 3.1/1000

Median Marriage Age: 28.3

First Child Age: 29.5

Home Ownership: 89.7%

Living Patterns:

Renting: 10.3%

Mortgage Holders: 28.9%

Outright Owners: 60.8%

Shared Housing: 6.2%

Avg. Household Income: $15.3K

Ethnic Distribution
Han: 91.1%Zhuang: 1.3%Other: 7.6%
Annual Population Change
-0.02%
Han Population
1.29B
2050
1.31B
Population
Forecast

Economy

Economic Assets

Core Metrics (2024):

GDP: ¥128.5T

GDP Growth: 5.2%

GDP Per Capita: ¥91.2K

National Debt: ¥85.6T

Debt/GDP: 66.6%

Market Data:

Stock Market Cap: ¥95.8T

Bond Market: ¥145.2T

Forex Reserves: $3.24T

Gold Reserves: 2,192 tons

Currency Rate: 7.18

Trade (2024):

Exports: $3.82T

Imports: $3.12T

Balance: +$700B

Trade Volume: $6.94T

Partners: 220+ countries

Economic Health
Fiscal: 92%Market: 95%Resilience: 88%
Market Confidence
95%
Global Position
98%
Global
#2
Economic
Power

Budget Breakdown

Government Budget (2024):

Total Budget: ¥27.5T

Defense: ¥1.67T

Healthcare: ¥2.12T

Social Security: ¥3.85T

Debt Service: ¥1.42T

Key Allocations:

Infrastructure: ¥3.95T

Education: ¥3.28T

R&D: ¥2.85T

Environment: ¥1.95T

Tech Dev: ¥2.45T

Revenue Sources:

VAT: ¥6.85T

Corporate Tax: ¥5.92T

Income Tax: ¥4.25T

SOE Profits: ¥3.85T

Other Sources: ¥6.63T

Budget Performance
Target: 95%Revenue: 92%Balance: 90%
Electronics Exports
82.5Mt
Steel Exports
44.8Mt
Budget
98.2%
Absorption
Rate

Economic Performance

Key Indicators (2024):

Inflation Rate: 2.3%

Interest Rate: 3.45%

Unemployment: 5.2%

Labor Force: 782M

Job Growth: +850K/mo

Market Stats (2024):

Shanghai: +5.2% = 3,150

Shenzhen: +6.8% = 2,080

Market Vol: ¥985B/day

IPOs: 425/year

Market Cap: ¥95.8T

Sector Growth:

Tech/Digital: +12.5%

Manufacturing: +6.8%

Green Energy: +15.2%

Consumer: +8.4%

Services: +7.2%

Economic Vitality
Diversity: 92%Stability: 95%Innovation: 88%
Economic Health
95%
Market Leadership
92%
5-Year
4.8%
Growth
Forecast

Culture

Cultural Assets

Heritage Sites (2024):

UNESCO World Heritage: 56

Cultural Sites: 38

Natural Sites: 14

Mixed Sites: 4

Memory of World: 42

Infrastructure:

Museums: 5,850

Cultural Centers: 3,450

Theaters: 2,850

Opera Houses: 1,250

Art Galleries: 4,250

Investment (2024):

Total: ¥285B RMB

Per Capita: ¥198 RMB

% of GDP: 0.8%

Public Share: 75%

Private Share: 25%

Cultural Access
Free Entry: 92%Daily: 95%Virtual: 88%
Heritage Preservation
96.5%
Public Accessibility
94.5%
Global
#1
Ranking
Cultural Heritage

Cultural Engagement

Annual Events (2024):

Spring Festival: 1.4B

Mid-Autumn: 850M

Cultural Festivals: 2,850

Art Exhibitions: 5,250

Opera Shows: 12,500

Participation:

Cultural Events: 850M

Museum Visits: 450M

Live Performance: 285M

Digital Access: 92%

Youth Programs: 125M

Popular Events:

Dragon Boat: 450M

Lantern Festival: 385M

Cultural Heritage Day: 225M

Temple Fairs: 185M

Art Festivals: 95M

Cultural Engagement
Physical: 95%Digital: 92%Youth: 88%
Regular Events
850M
Major Festivals
2.25B
Annual
2.45B
Participants
Cultural Events

Cultural Identity

Traditional Arts:

Opera Styles: 360

Martial Arts Schools: 15K

Tea Houses: 85K

Calligraphy Centers: 25K

Art Studios: 45K

Cultural Practice:

Active Artists: 2.85M

Opera Performers: 450K

Musicians: 850K

Artisans: 1.25M

Cultural Groups: 85K

Recognition:

Living Treasures: 1,585

Protected Practices: 1,372

Cultural Routes: 285

Master Artists: 2,850

Heritage Labels: 1,250

Heritage Activities
Traditional: 95%Folk: 92%Modern: 88%
Traditional Practice
95%
Youth Engagement
88%
Active
5.4M
Practitioners
Cultural Arts

Education

Education System

Coverage (2024):

Public System: 100%

Primary: 99.9%

Secondary: 95.2%

Private Schools: 8.5%

Higher Ed: 58.2%

Infrastructure:

Public Schools: 207,850

Private Schools: 186,700

Universities: 3,012

Technical Schools: 11,290

Research Centers: 1,585

Expenditure (2024):

Total: ¥5.2T RMB

Per Student: ¥52,800 RMB

% of GDP: 4.3%

Public Share: 85.2%

Private Share: 14.8%

Education Access
Basic: 100%Secondary: 95.2%Higher: 58.2%
Literacy (Adult Rate)
97.3%
Completion (Secondary)
89.5%
Global
14
Ranking
Education System

Education Metrics

PISA Scores (2022):

Math: 575

Reading: 549

Science: 561

OECD Average Gap: +32.5%

Regional Rank: 1st

Key Indicators:

Student-Teacher: 16:1

Graduation Rate: 94.2%

Dropout Rate: 2.8%

Digital Access: 98.5%

Research Output: 25.2%

Quality:

Accredited Unis: 92%

Int'l Publications: 745K

Research Impact: 1.28

Nobel Laureates: 9

Global Patents: 1.5M

Education Quality
Quality: 92%Standards: 95%Outcomes: 88%
University Rankings (Top 1000)
155
Research (Global Share)
25.2%
Quality
A
Grade
National Rating

Education Workforce

Educators:

Teachers: 17.8M+

Professors: 1.85M+

Researchers: 2.2M+

Admin Staff: 3.5M+

Support Staff: 4.8M+

Training (2024):

Teacher Colleges: 598

Annual Graduates: 585K

PhD Programs: 485

Research Posts: 285K

Training Centers: 1,250

Avg. Salary (RMB/Year):

Primary Teacher: 108K

Secondary: 125K

University Prof: 185K

Senior Prof: 285K

Researcher: 165K

Student-Teacher Ratio
16:1 Primary19:1 Secondary14:1 Higher
Staffing (Positions Filled)
98.5%
Qualified (Teaching Staff)
99.8%
Growth
2.2%
Annual
Workforce Expansion

Healthcare

Healthcare System

Coverage (2024):

Basic Coverage: 95.5%

UEBMI: 33.2%

URBMI: 21.8%

NRCMS: 40.5%

Private Insurance: 25.5%

Infrastructure:

Hospitals: 35,850

Hospital Beds: 7.25M

Community Centers: 975K

TCM Hospitals: 5,850

Pharmacies: 585K

Expenditure (2024):

Total: ¥8.25T

Per Capita: ¥5,850

% of GDP: 7.2%

Public Share: 56.5%

Private Share: 43.5%

Healthcare Access
Basic: 95.5%Urban: 55.0%Rural: 40.5%
Coverage
95.5%
Population Access
Access
85.5%
Care Availability
WHO Ranking
144
Global
Healthcare System

Health Metrics

Life Expectancy:

Overall: 77.3 years

Male: 75.1 years

Female: 79.5 years

Healthy Life: 68.5 years

Global Position: Top 25%

Key Indicators:

Infant Mortality: 5.5/1K

Maternal Mortality: 16.9/100K

Obesity Rate: 6.2%

Diabetes: 11.2%

Heart Disease: 22.8%

Prevention:

Vaccination Rate: 98.5%

Screening Rate: 75.5%

Health Checkups: 68.5%

Mental Health: 45.5%

Chronic Care: 82.5%

Population Health
75.5% Good18.5% Fair6.0% Poor
Quality
82.5%
Patient Satisfaction
Outcomes
78.5%
Success Rate
Health
B+
Grade
National Rating

Medical Workforce

Healthcare Workers:

Physicians: 3.95M

Nurses: 4.85M

TCM Practitioners: 725K

Pharmacists: 485K

Support Staff: 3.25M

Education (2024):

Medical Schools: 285

Annual Med Graduates: 185K

TCM Programs: 45

Training Posts: 425K

Teaching Hospitals: 1,150

Avg. Salary (¥/Year):

Junior Doctor: 125K

Specialist: 285K

Nurse: 95K

Head Nurse: 145K

TCM Doctor: 165K

Provider Ratio
2.8 Physicians3.4 Nurses0.5 TCM
per 1,000 Population
Staffing
82.5%
Filled Positions
Specialists
75.5%
Availability
Growth
4.5%
Annual
Workforce Expansion

Technology

Tech Innovation

Startup Ecosystem:

301 Tech Unicorns

185,000+ Active Startups

$84.5B VC Investment

1,200+ Tech Incubators

42 Major Tech Hubs

Key Sectors (2024):

Digital Payments: $485T GMV

E-commerce: $2.8T GMV

AI/ML: $85B Market

5G Tech: $42B Revenue

IoT: $245B Market

Growth Areas:

Quantum Tech: $12.4B

Digital Health: $85.6B

Software Exports: $125B

Cloud Services: $96.5B

IT Services: $285B

Tech Market Share
48.5% Services28.7% Software22.8% Hardware
Growth
35.8%
Annual Rate
Investment
84.5B
USD (2024)
Tech
1.2T
USD
Digital Economy

Research & Development

Research Centers:

CAS: 485,000 Staff

1,250 Research Facilities

185 Tech Parks: $245B

2,850 University Labs

$285B Equipment

Key Projects (2024):

AI Research: $24.5B

Quantum Computing: $12.8B

Space Tech: $18.5B

Semiconductors: $45.2B

Clean Energy: $38.5B

Output (2023):

156,850 Patents Filed

685,000 Publications

24,500 Tech Transfers

3,850 Int'l Projects

$485B Economic Impact

Research Investment
52.5% State28.7% Private18.8% Academic
Output
156.8K
Patents (2023)
Impact
1.28
Citation Index
R&D
2.45%
of GDP
$485B Total

Tech Workforce

Talent Pool (2024):

12.5M Tech Workers

4.8M Developers

685K Data Scientists

1.2M IT Engineers

285K AI Specialists

Education:

985 Tech Universities

2.85M IT Students

685K Annual Grads

72.5% English Proficient

92.8% Employment Rate

Avg. Salary (USD/Year):

Senior Dev: $68,500

Data Scientist: $62,000

DevOps Eng: $64,800

AI Engineer: $72,500

Tech Lead: $85,000

Specialization
45.5% Software32.8% Services21.7% Hardware
Employed
92.8%
Tech Graduates
Demand
845K
Open Positions
Annual
28.5%
Growth
Tech Employment

News

Loading news...

Tourism

Tourism Overview

Key Metrics (2024):

Int'l Visitors: 67.3M/year

Domestic Trips: 4.2B/year

Total Revenue: $278.4B

GDP Contribution: 11.6%

Tourism Jobs: 28.7M

Top Origins:

South Korea: 16.8%

Japan: 14.2%

Vietnam: 11.7%

USA: 8.9%

Russia: 7.4%

Top Destinations:

Beijing: 12.8M/year

Shanghai: 10.7M/year

Guangzhou: 8.4M/year

Xi'an: 7.2M/year

Chengdu: 6.8M/year

Top Int'l Destinations
Beijing: 27.8%Shanghai: 23.2%Guangzhou: 18.2%
Int'l Tourist Spending
$278.4B
Domestic Trips
4.2B
UNWTO
#4
Tourism
Rank

Tourism Infrastructure

Accommodation (2024):

Total Hotels: 324,852

Occupancy Rate: 74.8%

Avg. Daily Rate: $142

Luxury Hotels: 12,847

Traditional Inns: 42,976

Seasonal Activities:

Spring: Cultural Festivals

Summer: Great Wall, Gardens

Fall: Nature, Hiking

Winter: Ice Festivals

Year-round: Urban Tourism

Key Attractions:

UNESCO Sites: 56

Ancient Towns: 1,300+

Cultural Sites: 766,722

National Parks: 244

Theme Parks: 2,842

Most Visited Attractions
Great Wall: 10.4MForbidden City: 9.2MTerra Army: 8.7M
High-Speed Rail
98.4%
Transport Coverage
92.7%
WEF Report
A
Infrastructure
Grade

Visitor Experience

Satisfaction (2024):

Overall Rating: 8.4/10

Value for Money: 8.9/10

Safety: 9.2/10

Hospitality: 8.6/10

Return Intent: 84%

Popular Activities:

Cultural Sites: 92.8%

Shopping: 86.4%

Local Cuisine: 82.7%

Theme Parks: 76.3%

Traditional Shows: 68.9%

Spending Patterns:

Shopping: 34.7%

Accommodation: 28.4%

Food & Beverage: 19.8%

Transport: 9.4%

Activities: 7.7%

Visitor Satisfaction
Overall: 8.4Value: 8.9Safety: 9.2
Avg. Daily Spend
$196
Return Rate
84%
TripAdvisor
#9
Experience
Rank

Infrastructure

Transportation

Road Network:

5.2M KM Total

168,000 KM Expressway

88% Good Condition

185,000 Major Bridges

¥8.5T Investment

Rail System:

155,000 KM Track

High-Speed: 42,000 KM

Metro: 8,500 KM

Freight: 95,000 KM

¥12.5T Network

Air & Sea:

248 Major Airports

34 Major Seaports

Maritime Silk Road

¥4.8T Port Value

¥5.2T Air Network

Network Distribution
Road: 45%Rail: 35%Air: 20%
Coverage
92%
National Access
Condition
88%
Infrastructure Grade
Annual
32.5
Trillion CNY
Transport Budget

Utilities

Power Grid:

2.8M KM Lines

4,850 Power Plants

35% Renewable Mix

12,500 Smart Stations

¥15.8T Network

Water Systems:

3.2M KM Pipes

98,500 Major Dams

85% Quality Rate

18,500 Treatment

¥8.5T Network

Management:

Gas: 985,000 KM

Solar Parks: 3,850

Smart Grid: 78%

Wind Farms: 2,850

Storage: 585 TWh

System Distribution
Power: 42%Water: 38%Gas: 20%
Coverage
95%
Service Access
Reliability
92%
System Uptime
Annual
28.5
Trillion CNY
Utility Budget

Digital Infrastructure

Network Coverage:

6G: Development Lead

5G: 92% Coverage

Fiber: 88% Access

Rural: 82% Connected

¥12.5T Investment

Smart Systems:

985 Smart Cities

385M IoT Devices

3,850 Data Centers

92% Cloud Access

¥8.5T Network

Innovation:

AI Integration: 92%

Quantum Ready: 85%

Edge Computing: 88%

Digital Twin: 85%

Cyber Defense: 95%

Tech Distribution
Network: 45%Cloud: 35%Edge: 20%
Speed
95%
Global Ranking
Access
92%
Population Coverage
Annual
22.5
Trillion CNY
Digital Investment

International Relations

Diplomatic Status

Key Alliances:

BRI ($1.2T Invested)

BRICS+ Leadership

SCO Chair ($780B GDP)

RCEP ($25.8T Zone)

ASEAN+ ($975.3B)

Representation:

178 Embassies Active

96 Consulates General

169 BRI Partners

4,850 Diplomatic Staff

¥189B MFA Budget

Current Status:

Global South Leader

UN Security Council

G20 Key Member

Maritime Silk Road

Digital Yuan ($290B)

Mission Distribution
Economic: 42%Political: 38%Cultural: 20%
Global
92%
Diplomatic Coverage
Asia-Pacific
96%
Integration Level
Active
181
Diplomatic
Relations

Treaties & Agreements

Major Treaties:

RCEP ($25.8T Market)

BRI ($1.2T Projects)

SCO ($780B Trade)

ASEAN+ ($975.3B)

AIIB ($184B Assets)

Trade Status:

EU: $847.3B Trade

US: $690.6B Exchange

ASEAN: $975.3B Flow

Japan: $371.4B Trade

ROK: $362.2B Deal

Key Agreements:

Digital RMB ($290B)

Tech Transfer ($156B)

Green Energy ($321B)

Port Access (42 Hubs)

Rail Links (18,000 km)

Agreement Types
Trade: 45%Security: 35%Cultural: 20%
Active
1,248
Total Treaties
Trade
$6.3T
Annual Volume
New
32
Agreements
In 2023

Conflicts & Disputes

Active Disputes:

US Tariffs ($850B)

Tech Access ($478B)

S. China Sea (3.5M km²)

Taiwan Strait (180km)

EU Market ($283B)

Trade Impacts:

Chip Ban (-$32.4B)

Steel Duties (-28%)

Tech Transfer (-$142B)

Market Access (-$218B)

IP Disputes ($94.7B)

Resolution Progress:

WTO Cases: 7 Active

US Phase 1: 76%

EU Talks: Phase 3

RCEP Growth +18%

BRI Expansion +15

Issue Distribution
Economic: 48%Territory: 32%Other: 20%
Resolved
4
2023 Disputes
Active
12
Major Issues
Total
1.8
Trillion USD
Under Dispute

Military

Armed Forces

Ground Force:

975,000 Active

340,000 Combat Units

285,000 Combat Support

240,000 Logistics

110,000 Command/Intel

Navy:

250,000 Active

95,000 Surface Fleet

55,000 Submarine Force

30,000 Marine Corps

70,000 Support/Aviation

Air Force:

395,000 Active

150,000 Combat Air

95,000 Air Defense

85,000 Ground Support

65,000 Tech/Logistics

Force Distribution
Army: 60%Navy: 15%Air: 25%
Total
2,000,000
Active Personnel
Combat
1,600,000
Ready Force
Personnel
140
Per 100K
Population

Equipment & Strategic Forces

Conventional:

5,500 Main Battle Tanks

1,600 Combat Aircraft

79 Submarines

3 Aircraft Carriers

355 Surface Combatants

Strategic:

350 Nuclear Warheads

6 SSBNs

350 ICBMs

48 SLBM Tubes

100+ Missile Silos

Space & Tech:

200+ Military Satellites

60,000 Cyber Force

4 Space Launch Centers

7 Satellite Control Sites

80+ Ground Stations

Asset Distribution
Land: 5,500Air: 1,600Sea: 437
Modern
75%
Fleet Status
Strategic
90%
Readiness
Total
7,537
Major
Systems

Defense Capabilities

Operations:

Central Military Commission

5 Theater Commands

Regional Operations

15 Army Groups

40+ Countries

Industry:

NORINCO

AVIC

CSSC

CASIC

China Electronics

Budget:

$230B Total

$205B Base

$25B Research

1.7% GDP

Annual Growth

Budget Allocation
Personnel: 45%Operations: 35%Research: 20%
Local
$95B
Industry Output
Active
85%
Operation Rate
Per Soldier
$115K
Annual
Investment
Return to the OGRe Dashboard Copyright 2025 OGRe