European Union
EU
Union européenne / Europäische Union
.svg){kind=link}
Union Information
Administrative Seat: Brussels, Belgium
Population: 447.7 million (2023 est)
Area: 4,233,262 km² (1,634,472 sq mi)
Type: Political and economic union
President of the Commission: Ursula von der Leyen
President of the Council: Charles Michel
Legislature: European Parliament
Official Languages: 24 official languages
Establishment: November 1, 1993 (Maastricht Treaty)
Member States
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Photos
Demographics
Population Stats
Core Metrics (2024):
Total Population: 448.4M
Growth Rate: 0.15%
Median Age: 44.4
Life Expectancy: 81.3
Population Density: 109/km²
Age Distribution:
0-14 years: 15.2%
15-64 years: 63.8%
65+ years: 21.0%
Working Age: 285.8M
Dependency Ratio: 56.7%
Population Centers:
Urban: 75.2%
Rural: 24.8%
Metro Areas: 85+
Major Cities: 125+
Capital Cities: 27
Social Indicators
Education (2024):
Higher Education: 41.2%
Secondary Education: 78.5%
Student Mobility: 850K/year
Research Personnel: 2.2M
Education Spending: 4.7% GDP
Social Metrics:
Healthcare Coverage: 98.5%
Social Protection: 28% GDP
Income Equality: 30.7 Gini
Poverty Risk: 16.8%
Social Mobility: 75.2%
Integration:
Languages: 24 Official
Intra-EU Migration: 17.1M
Non-EU Residents: 23.7M
Citizenship Grants: 855K/year
Integration Index: 68.5
Demographic Trends
Population Change (2024):
Natural Change: -0.8‰
Net Migration: +2.3‰
Birth Rate: 9.1/1000
Fertility Rate: 1.52
Mortality Rate: 9.9/1000
Future Projections:
2030 Population: 453.1M
2040 Population: 455.8M
2050 Population: 449.3M
Median Age 2050: 48.2
65+ Share 2050: 29.3%
Regional Shifts:
Urban Growth: +0.8%/year
Rural Decline: -0.3%/year
Regional Disparities: 28%
Migration Flows: 3.2M/year
Integration Rate: 72%
Economy
Economic Assets
Core Metrics (2024):
GDP: €16.8T
GDP Growth: 1.2%
GDP Per Capita: €37.5K
Aggregate Debt: €12.1T
Debt/GDP: 72%
Market Data:
Stock Market Cap: €14.2T
Bond Market: €11.8T
Forex Reserves: €865B
Gold Reserves: 10,772 tons
EUR/USD Rate: 1.08
Trade (2024):
Exports: €3.2T
Imports: €3.0T
Balance: +€200B
Intra-EU Trade: €4.8T
External Partners: 200+ countries
Budget Breakdown
EU Budget (2024):
Total Budget: €185.6B
Cohesion Policy: €52.8B
Agriculture: €55.3B
Research/Innovation: €15.8B
Administration: €10.6B
Key Programs:
NextGenerationEU: €82.5B
Horizon Europe: €13.6B
Digital Europe: €8.4B
Green Deal: €17.2B
Security/Defense: €6.8B
Revenue Sources:
GNI-based: €95.2B
Customs Duties: €32.8B
VAT-based: €18.5B
Plastic Levy: €6.2B
Other Resources: €32.9B
Economic Performance
Key Indicators (2024):
Inflation Rate: 2.8%
ECB Rate: 4.0%
Unemployment: 6.5%
Labor Force: 215M
Job Growth: +180K/mo
Market Stats (2024):
EURO STOXX 50: +8.2% = 4,850
DAX: +6.8% = 17,200
Market Vol: €85B/day
IPOs: 185/year
Market Cap: €14.2T
Sector Growth:
Green Tech: +12.5%
Digital Economy: +9.8%
Manufacturing: +3.2%
Services: +4.5%
Innovation: +8.5%
Culture
Cultural Assets
Heritage Sites (2024):
UNESCO World Heritage: 453
Cultural Sites: 385
Natural Sites: 68
Intangible Heritage: 189
Memory of World: 142
Infrastructure:
Museums: 22,850
Art Galleries: 18,450
Theaters: 9,850
Concert Halls: 7,250
Cultural Centers: 15,650
Investment (2024):
Total: €85B
Per Capita: €185
% of GDP: 0.8%
Public Share: 72.5%
Private Share: 27.5%
Cultural Engagement
Annual Events (2024):
Major Festivals: 2,850
Art Exhibitions: 18,500
Music Concerts: 285K
Theater Shows: 185K
Cultural Fairs: 4,250
Participation:
Museum Visits: 485M
Event Attendance: 685M
Cultural Tourism: 245M
Digital Access: 92.5%
Youth Engagement: 68.5%
Languages:
Official Languages: 24
Regional Languages: 60
Minority Languages: 185
Language Learners: 185M
Translation Services: 1,850
Cultural Identity
Heritage Practices:
Traditional Crafts: 1,850
Folk Traditions: 2,450
Cultural Festivals: 3,850
Regional Cuisines: 785
Local Dialects: 450
Living Heritage:
Master Craftspeople: 85K
Traditional Artists: 125K
Cultural Bearers: 245K
Heritage Sites: 12.5K
Active Communities: 8.5K
Recognition:
Protected Origins: 3,450
Heritage Labels: 685
Cultural Routes: 45
Living Treasures: 285
Craft Registers: 1,250