France

French Republic

République française

By Hans-Ulrich Herzog - Hans-Ulrich Herzog, Flaggen und Wappen, Leipzig: VEB Bibliographisches Institut, 1982., Public Domain, Link

Government Information

Capital: Paris (Paris)

Population: 68.1 million (2023 est)

Area: 551,695 km² (213,011 sq mi)

Government Type: Unitary semi-presidential republic

Head of State: President Emmanuel Macron

Head of Government: Prime Minister Gabriel Attal

Legislature: French Parliament

National Language: French

Establishment: October 4, 1958 (Fifth Republic)

Photos

Demographics

Population Stats

Core Metrics (2024):

Total Population: 68.4M

Growth Rate: 0.27%

Median Age: 42.1

Life Expectancy: 82.9

Population Density: 119/km²

Age Distribution:

0-14 years: 17.6%

15-64 years: 61.7%

65+ years: 20.7%

Working Age: 42.2M

Dependency Ratio: 62.1%

Geographic Split:

Urban: 81.2%

Rural: 18.8%

Greater Paris: 18.8%

Regional Capitals: 32.4%

Other Urban: 30%

Region Distribution

Île-de-France: 18.8% • ARA: 11.9% • PACA: 9.4%

Paris Metro

12.9M

Population 15-40

24.6M

World

#22

Population

Rank

Social Indicators

Education (2024):

Literacy Rate: 99%

Higher Education: 49.8%

Public Universities: 67

Student Population: 2.8M

Education Spending: 5.5% GDP

Social Metrics:

Healthcare Coverage: 100%

Social Security: 98.7%

Income Equality: 32.4 Gini

Poverty Rate: 14.6%

Middle Class: 68.2%

Cultural Data:

No Religion: 40%

Catholic: 38%

Muslim: 8.8%

Languages: French (100%)

Regional: 6 recognized

Religious Distribution

None: 40% • Catholic: 38% • Other: 22%

Population in Poverty

10M

Non-Religious Population

27.4M

Social

0.903

Development

Index

Demographic Trends

Household Data (2024):

Average Size: 2.2 people

Single Person: 36.7%

Couples with Kids: 26.5%

Single Parents: 21.4%

Multi-Family: 1.8%

Marriage & Family:

Marriage Rate: 3.5/1000

Divorce Rate: 1.9/1000

Median Marriage Age: 33.4

First Child Age: 30.9

Home Ownership: 64.1%

Living Patterns:

Renting: 35.9%

Mortgage Holders: 31.2%

Outright Owners: 32.9%

Shared Housing: 5.8%

Avg. Household Income: €39.4K

Ethnic Distribution

European: 85% • African: 9.8% • Other: 5.2%

Annual Population Change

+0.27%

European Population

58.1M

2050

72.3M

Population

Forecast

Economy

Economic Assets

Core Metrics (2024):

GDP: €2.92T

GDP Growth: 1.0%

GDP Per Capita: €43.2K

National Debt: €3.08T

Debt/GDP: 109.6%

Market Data:

Stock Market Cap: €3.12T

Bond Market: €2.85T

Forex Reserves: $234B

Gold Reserves: 2,437 tons

Currency Rate: 1.08

Trade (2024):

Exports: €860B

Imports: €895B

Balance: -€35B

Trade Volume: €1.76T

Partners: 190+ countries

Economic Health

Fiscal: 88% • Market: 92% • Resilience: 85%

Market Confidence

90%

Global Position

92%

Global

Economic

Power

Budget Breakdown

Government Budget (2024):

Total Budget: €480.2B

Defense: €47.2B

Healthcare: €55.8B

Social Protection: €145.6B

Debt Service: €51.2B

Key Allocations:

Education: €82.4B

Infrastructure: €38.5B

Research: €28.9B

Green Transition: €25.6B

Digital Dev: €15.8B

Revenue Sources:

Income Tax: €92.5B

VAT: €125.8B

Corporate Tax: €68.4B

Social Contributions: €142.6B

Other Sources: €50.9B

Budget Performance

Target: 92% • Revenue: 88% • Balance: 85%

Aircraft Exports

2.8Mt

Vehicles Exports

1.5Mt

Budget

96.8%

Absorption

Rate

Economic Performance

Key Indicators (2024):

Inflation Rate: 3.4%

Interest Rate: 4.5%

Unemployment: 7.4%

Labor Force: 30.2M

Job Growth: +18K/mo

Market Stats (2024):

CAC 40: +7.8% = 7,950

SBF 120: +6.5% = 6,120

Market Vol: €8.2B/day

IPOs: 32/year

Market Cap: €3.12T

Sector Growth:

Aerospace: +5.2%

Luxury Goods: +8.4%

Tourism: +6.8%

Tech/Digital: +7.5%

Green Energy: +12.2%

Economic Vitality

Diversity: 85% • Stability: 90% • Innovation: 92%

Economic Health

88%

Market Leadership

90%

5-Year

1.6%

Growth

Forecast

Culture

Cultural Assets

Heritage Sites (2024):

UNESCO World Heritage: 49

Cultural Sites: 42

Natural Sites: 6

Mixed Sites: 1

Memory of World: 24

Infrastructure:

Museums: 1,218

Cultural Centers: 2,450

Theaters: 2,250

Opera Houses: 450

Art Galleries: 3,850

Investment (2024):

Total: €13.2B

Per Capita: €196

% of GDP: 0.9%

Public Share: 82%

Private Share: 18%

Cultural Access

Free Entry: 95% • Daily: 92% • Virtual: 85%

Heritage Preservation

94.5%

Public Accessibility

95%

Global

Ranking

Cultural Heritage

Cultural Engagement

Annual Events (2024):

Film Festivals: 750

Art Exhibitions: 6,500

Music Festivals: 1,850

Theater Shows: 25,000

Cultural Fairs: 3,200

Participation:

Museum Visits: 65M

Cinema Attendance: 45M

Theater Audience: 28M

Festival Attendance: 85M

Digital Access: 78%

Major Events:

Cannes Festival: 200K

Fête de la Musique: 5M

Paris Fashion Week: 1.2M

Bastille Day: 6M

Heritage Days: 12M

Cultural Engagement

Physical: 92% • Digital: 85% • Youth: 78%

Regular Events

125M

Major Festivals

85M

Annual

285M

Participants

Cultural Events

Cultural Identity

Cultural Sectors:

Fine Arts: 85K

Cinema: 45K

Fashion: 150K

Culinary Arts: 180K

Literature: 65K

Cultural Practice:

Active Artists: 285K

Performers: 125K

Artisans: 185K

Chefs: 95K

Cultural Groups: 12.5K

Recognition:

Living Heritage: 450

Protected Crafts: 285

Cultural Routes: 125

Master Artisans: 850

Heritage Labels: 1,250

Heritage Activities

Traditional: 92% • Modern: 85% • Digital: 78%

Traditional Practice

92%

Youth Engagement

78%

Active

750K

Practitioners

Cultural Arts

Education

Education System

Coverage (2024):

Public System: 100%

Primary: 99.9%

Secondary: 96.8%

Private Schools: 17.2%

Higher Ed: 65.5%

Infrastructure:

Public Schools: 48,950

Private Schools: 7,850

Universities: 67

Grandes Écoles: 250

Research Centers: 865

Expenditure (2024):

Total: €105.8B

Per Student: €8,850

% of GDP: 5.4%

Public Share: 91.2%

Private Share: 8.8%

Education Access

Basic: 100% • Secondary: 96.8% • Higher: 65.5%

Literacy (Adult Rate)

99.0%

Completion (Secondary)

94.2%

Global

Ranking

Education System

Education Metrics

PISA Scores (2022):

Math: 474

Reading: 474

Science: 487

OECD Average Gap: -2.8%

Regional Rank: 15th

Key Indicators:

Student-Teacher: 19:1

Baccalauréat Rate: 88.9%

Dropout Rate: 8.2%

Digital Access: 96.5%

Research Output: 4.5%

Quality:

Accredited Unis: 95%

Int'l Publications: 85K

Research Impact: 1.42

Nobel Laureates: 69

Global Patents: 16.5K

Education Quality

Quality: 95% • Standards: 92% • Outcomes: 89%

University Rankings (Top 1000)

Research (Global Share)

4.5%

Quality

A-

Grade

National Rating

Education Workforce

Educators:

Teachers: 880K

Professors: 95K

Researchers: 285K

Admin Staff: 165K

Support Staff: 225K

Training (2024):

Teacher Schools: 32

Annual Graduates: 35K

PhD Programs: 265

Research Posts: 42K

Training Centers: 185

Avg. Salary (€/Year):

Primary Teacher: 28.5K

Secondary: 32.8K

University Prof: 45.5K

Senior Prof: 65.8K

Researcher: 38.5K

Student-Teacher Ratio

19:1 Primary • 22:1 Secondary • 16:1 Higher

Staffing (Positions Filled)

96.5%

Qualified (Teaching Staff)

98.8%

Growth

1.2%

Annual

Workforce Expansion

Healthcare

Healthcare System

Coverage (2024):

Sécurité Sociale: 99.9%

CMU-C Coverage: 7.5%

Mutuelle: 95.5%

EU Coverage: 100%

Int'l Agreements: 96

Infrastructure:

Hospitals: 2,985

Hospital Beds: 395,000

Medical Centers: 21,500

Pharmacies: 21,250

Clinics: 1,825

Expenditure (2024):

Total: €285.5B

Per Capita: €4,250

% of GDP: 11.2%

Public Share: 78.5%

Private Share: 21.5%

Healthcare Access

Basic: 99.9% • Supplementary: 95.5% • ALD: 17.2%

Occupancy

82.5%

Hospital Beds

Access

96.5%

Care Availability

WHO Ranking

Global

Healthcare System

Health Metrics

Life Expectancy:

Overall: 82.5 years

Male: 79.8 years

Female: 85.2 years

Healthy Life: 73.5 years

Global Rank: #8

Key Indicators:

Infant Mortality: 3.5/1K

Maternal Mortality: 8/100K

Obesity Rate: 17.2%

Diabetes: 8.5%

Heart Disease: 16.5%

Prevention:

Vaccination Rate: 96.5%

Screening Rate: 92.5%

Health Checkups: 85.5%

Mental Health: 82.5%

Chronic Care: 94.5%

Population Health

85.5% Good • 10.5% Fair • 4.0% Poor

Quality

94.5%

Patient Satisfaction

Outcomes

92.5%

Success Rate

Health

A+

Grade

National Rating

Medical Workforce

Healthcare Workers:

Physicians: 365K

Nurses: 785K

Specialists: 165K

Pharmacists: 75K

Support Staff: 425K

Education (2024):

Medical Schools: 35

Annual Med Graduates: 9.5K

Nursing Programs: 325

Training Posts: 28.5K

Teaching Hospitals: 185

Avg. Salary (€/Year):

Junior Doctor: 52.5K

Specialist: 115K

Nurse: 42.5K

Head Nurse: 58.5K

Family Doctor: 85.5K

Provider Ratio

3.3 Physicians • 10.8 Nurses • 2.5 Specialists

per 1,000 Population

Staffing

92.5%

Filled Positions

Specialists

88.5%

Availability

Growth

1.8%

Annual

Workforce Expansion

Technology

Tech Innovation

Startup Ecosystem:

27 Tech Unicorns

12,500+ Active Startups

€11.8B VC Investment

145+ Tech Incubators

13 Major Tech Hubs

Key Sectors (2024):

Deep Tech: €8.5B Market

AI/ML: €6.8B Revenue

FinTech: €12.4B GMV

Digital Health: €5.2B

GreenTech: €7.8B

Growth Areas:

Quantum Tech: €1.8B

Space Tech: €4.5B

Software: €42.5B

Cloud Services: €15.8B

Digital Services: €68.5B

Tech Market Share

44.5% Services • 36.8% Software • 18.7% Hardware

Growth

25.8%

Annual Rate

Investment

11.8B

EUR (2024)

Digital

185B

EUR

Tech Economy

Research & Development

Research Network:

CNRS: 32,000 Staff

245 Research Centers

85 Tech Parks: €12B

385 University Labs

€42B Equipment

Key Projects (2024):

AI Research: €2.8B

Quantum: €1.5B

Deep Tech: €3.2B

Green Tech: €2.4B

Digital Health: €1.8B

Output (2023):

16,850 Patents Filed

125,000 Publications

4,850 Tech Transfers

1,250 Int'l Projects

€85B Economic Impact

Research Investment

65.4% Private • 20.8% Public • 13.8% Academic

Output

16.8K

Patents (2023)

Impact

1.42

Citation Index

R&D

2.35%

of GDP

€65B Total

Tech Workforce

Talent Pool (2024):

985K Tech Workers

385K Developers

85K Data Scientists

125K IT Engineers

45K AI Specialists

Education:

245 Tech Universities

285K IT Students

85K Annual Grads

92.5% English Proficient

94.2% Employment Rate

Avg. Salary (EUR/Year):

Senior Dev: €65,500

Data Scientist: €62,000

DevOps Eng: €64,800

AI Engineer: €72,500

Tech Lead: €85,000

Specialization

42.5% Software • 38.7% Services • 18.8% Hardware

Employed

94.2%

Tech Graduates

Demand

85K

Open Positions

Annual

18.5%

Growth

Tech Employment

News

Loading news...

Tourism

Tourism Overview

Key Metrics (2024):

Int'l Visitors: 89.4M/year

Domestic Trips: 215M/year

Total Revenue: $67.4B

GDP Contribution: 9.7%

Tourism Jobs: 2.8M

Top Origins:

UK: 14.2%

Germany: 13.8%

USA: 11.7%

Belgium: 9.4%

Italy: 8.6%

Top Destinations:

Paris: 32.4M/year

French Riviera: 11.8M/year

Loire Valley: 8.7M/year

French Alps: 7.9M/year

Provence: 6.4M/year

Top Int'l Destinations

Paris: 48.2% • Riviera: 17.6% • Loire: 12.9%

Int'l Tourist Spending

$67.4B

Luxury Tourism

28.7%

UNWTO

Tourism

Rank

Tourism Infrastructure

Accommodation (2024):

Total Hotels: 46,723

Occupancy Rate: 82.4%

Avg. Daily Rate: $264

Palace Hotels: 31

Boutique Hotels: 8,947

Seasonal Activities:

Summer: Riviera, Festivals

Fall: Wine, Gastronomy

Winter: Alps, Shopping

Spring: Gardens, Culture

Year-round: Art, Fashion

Key Attractions:

UNESCO Sites: 49

Museums: 8,000+

Châteaux: 45,000+

Vineyards: 27,000+

Ski Resorts: 350

Most Visited Attractions

Eiffel: 7.1M • Louvre: 6.2M • Versailles: 3.3M

High-Speed Rail

96.8%

Transport Coverage

94.7%

WEF Report

A+

Infrastructure

Grade

Visitor Experience

Satisfaction (2024):

Overall Rating: 8.9/10

Value for Money: 7.8/10

Safety: 8.6/10

Hospitality: 8.2/10

Return Intent: 91%

Popular Activities:

Gastronomy: 94.7%

Cultural Sites: 89.4%

Art Museums: 82.6%

Shopping: 76.8%

Wine Tourism: 68.9%

Spending Patterns:

Accommodation: 31.4%

Food & Beverage: 28.7%

Shopping: 22.4%

Activities: 10.8%

Transport: 6.7%

Visitor Satisfaction

Overall: 8.9 • Value: 7.8 • Safety: 8.6

Avg. Daily Spend

$287

Return Rate

91%

TripAdvisor

Experience

Rank

Infrastructure

Transportation

Road Network:

1.1M KM Total

11,650 KM Autoroutes

88% Good Condition

25,000 Smart Bridges

€75B Investment

Rail System:

29,000 KM Track

TGV: 2,800 KM

Metro: 685 KM

Freight: 8,500 KM

€85B Network

Air & Sea:

62 Major Airports

25 Major Seaports

Marseille Gateway

€38B Port Value

€52B Air Network

Network Distribution

Road: 45% • Rail: 35% • Air: 20%

Coverage

96%

National Access

Condition

88%

Infrastructure Grade

Annual

255

Billion EUR

Transport Budget

Utilities

Power Grid:

1.6M KM Lines

685 Power Plants

25% Renewable Mix

2,500 Smart Stations

€115B Network

Water Systems:

850,000 KM Pipes

585 Major Dams

98% Quality Rate

8,500 Treatment

€78B Network

Management:

Gas: 385,000 KM

Nuclear: 56 Plants

Smart Grid: 88%

Wind Parks: 850

Storage: 245 TWh

System Distribution

Power: 42% • Water: 38% • Gas: 20%

Coverage

99%

Service Access

Reliability

96%

System Uptime

Annual

225

Billion EUR

Utility Budget

Digital Infrastructure

Network Coverage:

6G: Research Phase

5G: 88% Coverage

Fiber: 82% Access

Rural: 78% Connected

€75B Investment

Smart Systems:

165 Smart Cities

45M IoT Devices

385 Data Centers

88% Cloud Access

€58B Network

Innovation:

AI Integration: 85%

Quantum Ready: 72%

Edge Computing: 78%

Digital Twin: 75%

Cyber Defense: 88%

Tech Distribution

Network: 45% • Cloud: 35% • Edge: 20%

Speed

88%

Global Ranking

Access

92%

Population Coverage

Annual

145

Billion EUR

Digital Investment

International Relations

Diplomatic Status

Key Alliances:

EU Leadership (€85B)

NATO Command Role

UN Security Council

G7 Member State

Francophonie (88)

Representation:

163 Embassies Active

89 Consulates General

98 Cultural Centers

3,420 Diplomatic Staff

€7.2B MEAE Budget

Current Status:

EU Defense Initiative

Africa Strategy (€45B)

Indo-Pacific Hub

Climate Leadership

Tech Sovereignty

Mission Distribution

EU: 42% • Global: 38% • Other: 20%

Global

91%

Diplomatic Coverage

Francophone

95%

Integration Level

Active

195

Diplomatic

Relations

Treaties & Agreements

Major Treaties:

EU Market (€2.1T GDP)

NATO Article 5

Africa Pacts (€45B)

Indo-Pacific (€28B)

Defense Tech (€44B)

Trade Status:

Germany: €170B Flow

Italy: €92.7B Trade

US: €89.4B Exchange

China: €78.6B Deal

UK: €62.4B Commerce

Key Agreements:

EU Defense (€7.9B)

Nuclear Power (€52B)

Space Tech (€12.4B)

Green Transit (€15B)

Digital Markets Act

Agreement Types

Trade: 44% • Defense: 36% • Other: 20%

Active

784

Total Treaties

Trade

€1.3T

Annual Volume

New

Agreements

In 2023

Conflicts & Disputes

Active Disputes:

Sahel Security (€4.2B)

AUKUS Impact (€56B)

Russia Sanctions (€8.7B)

Tech Tax War (€3.2B)

Fish Rights (€680M)

Trade Impacts:

Defense Exports (-22%)

Energy Costs (+€45B)

Market Access (-€12B)

Tech Services (-€5.8B)

Wine Tariffs (-€840M)

Resolution Progress:

WTO Cases: 3 Active

UK Fish Deal +65%

US Tech Tax: Phase 2

Africa Security +28%

Indo-Pacific +€12B

Issue Distribution

Economic: 45% • Policy: 35% • Other: 20%

Resolved

2023 Disputes

Active

Major Issues

Total

131

Billion EUR

Under Dispute

Military

Armed Forces

Army:

118,000 Active

42,000 Combat Forces

35,000 Combat Support

25,000 Logistics

16,000 Command/Intel

Navy:

35,000 Active

12,000 Surface Fleet

4,500 Submarine Force

2,500 Naval Aviation

16,000 Support/Ops

Air Force:

40,000 Active

15,000 Combat Air

10,000 Air Defense

8,000 Space Command

7,000 Tech/Support

Force Distribution

Army: 61% • Navy: 18% • Air: 21%

Total

203,000

Active Personnel

Combat

165,000

Ready Force

Personnel

300

Per 100K

Population

Equipment & Strategic Forces

Conventional:

222 Main Battle Tanks

230 Combat Aircraft

8 Attack Submarines

1 Aircraft Carrier

22 Surface Combatants

Strategic:

290 Nuclear Warheads

4 SSBNs

48 SLBM Tubes

50 ASMP-A Missiles

2 Nuclear Squadrons

Space & Tech:

8 Military Satellites

4,000 Cyber Personnel

3 Space Command Sites

4 Early Warning Radar

12 Ground Stations

Asset Distribution

Land: 222 • Air: 230 • Sea: 31

Modern

90%

Fleet Status

Strategic

95%

Readiness

Total

483

Major

Systems

Defense Capabilities

Operations:

Joint Staff HQ

5 Military Regions

Global Operations

13 Foreign Bases

30+ Countries

Industry:

Dassault Aviation

Thales Group

Naval Group

Safran

Nexter Systems

Budget:

$55.3B Total

$50.1B Base

$5.2B Research

2.0% GDP

Growth Plan

Budget Allocation

Personnel: 42% • Operations: 33% • Research: 25%

Local

$22.5B

Industry Output

Active

88%

Operation Rate

Per Soldier

$272K

Annual

Investment