Italy
Italian Republic
Repubblica Italiana
Government Information
Capital: Rome
Population: 58.9 million (2023 est)
Area: 301,340 km² (116,346 sq mi)
Government Type: Unitary parliamentary republic
Head of State: President Sergio Mattarella
Head of Government: Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni
Legislature: Parliament (Chamber of Deputies, Senate)
National Language: Italian
Establishment: March 17, 1861 (Unification)
Photos
Demographics
Population Stats
Core Metrics (2024):
Total Population: 58.9M
Growth Rate: -0.3%
Median Age: 47.6
Life Expectancy: 83.7
Population Density: 195/km²
Age Distribution:
0-14 years: 12.8%
15-64 years: 63.1%
65+ years: 24.1%
Working Age: 37.2M
Dependency Ratio: 58.5%
Geographic Split:
Urban: 71.3%
Rural: 28.7%
Greater Rome: 7.2%
Regional Capitals: 31.8%
Other Urban: 32.3%
Social Indicators
Education (2024):
Literacy Rate: 99.2%
Higher Education: 42.3%
Public Universities: 67
Student Population: 1.7M
Education Spending: 4.1% GDP
Social Metrics:
Healthcare Coverage: 100%
Social Security: 98.2%
Income Equality: 35.2 Gini
Poverty Rate: 20.1%
Middle Class: 66.7%
Cultural Data:
Catholic: 78.9%
No Religion: 13.4%
Other: 7.7%
Languages: Italian (100%)
Regional: 12 recognized
Demographic Trends
Household Data (2024):
Average Size: 2.3 people
Single Person: 33.8%
Couples with Kids: 26.1%
Single Parents: 15.7%
Multi-Family: 4.2%
Marriage & Family:
Marriage Rate: 3.1/1000
Divorce Rate: 1.6/1000
Median Marriage Age: 34.2
First Child Age: 31.4
Home Ownership: 72.4%
Living Patterns:
Renting: 27.6%
Mortgage Holders: 15.8%
Outright Owners: 56.6%
Shared Housing: 7.2%
Avg. Household Income: €35.7K
Economy
Economic Assets
Core Metrics (2024):
GDP: €2.15T
Gross Domestic Product: Total value of all goods and services produced in Italy annually
GDP Growth: 1.2%
Annual percentage increase in Italy's economic output compared to previous year
GDP Per Capita: €36.5K
Average economic output per person, indicating standard of living and productivity
National Debt: €2.85T
Total government borrowing, including bonds and other debt instruments
Debt/GDP: 132%
Ratio of national debt to GDP, key indicator of fiscal sustainability
Market Data:
Stock Market Cap: €680B
Total value of all shares listed on Italian stock exchanges (Borsa Italiana)
Bond Market: €2.4T
Total value of government and corporate bonds in circulation
Forex Reserves: €185B
Foreign currency holdings and assets maintained by central bank
Gold Reserves: 2,452 tons
Physical gold holdings by the Bank of Italy, world's 3rd largest official gold reserve
Currency: EUR
Euro: Official currency of Italy and 19 other EU member states
Trade (2024):
Exports: €585B
Value of goods and services sold abroad, including machinery, fashion, and luxury goods
Imports: €520B
Value of goods and services purchased from other countries, including energy and raw materials
Balance: +€65B
Trade surplus: Difference between exports and imports showing net trade position
Trade Volume: €1.11T
Total combined value of imports and exports, indicating trade activity level
Partners: 170+ countries
Number of nations Italy maintains active trade relationships with, primarily EU members
Concentric rings show key economic indicators:
- Outer: Fiscal stability score
- Middle: Market performance rating
- Inner: Economic growth index
Measure of investor and business confidence in Italian markets and economy
Italy's competitive standing in global markets and international trade
Italy's position among world economies by GDP and economic influence
Budget Breakdown
Government Budget (2024):
Total Budget: €1.15T
Annual government spending plan, including all public expenditures and investments
Social Security: €380B
Pensions, welfare programs, and social assistance benefits for citizens
Healthcare: €128B
National health service funding, medical research, and public health programs
Education: €65B
Public education funding, from primary schools to universities and research
Defense: €32B
Military spending, equipment modernization, and NATO commitments
Key Allocations:
Infrastructure: €48B
Transport networks, public works, and infrastructure development projects
Research & Dev: €28B
Innovation funding, scientific research, and technological development
Regional Dev: €42B
Development funds for reducing regional economic disparities, especially North-South gap
Public Admin: €95B
Government administrative costs, civil service, and public sector operations
Debt Service: €85B
Annual interest payments and principal repayment on national debt
Revenue Sources:
Income Tax: €245B
Personal income tax revenue from Italian residents and workers
VAT: €185B
Value Added Tax revenue from goods and services consumption
Corporate Tax: €52B
Tax revenue from business profits and corporate activities
Social Contributions: €280B
Mandatory social security and welfare contributions from employers and employees
Other Sources: €165B
Additional revenue from property taxes, customs duties, and other government income
Concentric rings show budget execution efficiency:
- Outer: Spending efficiency
- Middle: Revenue collection
- Inner: Budget balance
Effectiveness of government spending and budget allocation utilization
Success rate in tax collection and meeting revenue generation targets
Percentage of allocated EU funds successfully utilized for approved projects:
- Regional Development
- Social Programs
- Recovery Facility
- Cohesion Funds
Economic Performance
Key Indicators (2024):
Inflation Rate: 2.2%
Annual increase in consumer prices, measured by CPI (Consumer Price Index)
Interest Rate: 4.5%
ECB key rate affecting borrowing costs and monetary policy
Unemployment: 7.8%
Percentage of labor force actively seeking but unable to find employment
Labor Force: 25.5M
Total working-age population either employed or seeking employment
Job Growth: +25K/mo
Average monthly increase in employment positions across all sectors
Market Stats (2024):
FTSE MIB: +15.2% = 32,850
Primary Italian stock market index tracking 40 largest companies on Borsa Italiana
FTSE Italia: +12.8% = 28,450
Broader Italian market index including mid-cap companies
Mid Cap Index: +10.5% = 45,850
Index tracking medium-sized Italian companies' performance
Market Vol: €4.2B/day
Average daily trading volume on Italian stock exchanges
IPOs: 22/year
Number of new companies going public on Italian exchanges annually
Sector Growth:
Manufacturing: +3.8%
Growth in industrial production, including machinery, automotive, and electronics
Fashion/Luxury: +5.2%
Growth in high-end fashion, accessories, and luxury goods sector
Automotive: +2.8%
Growth in vehicle manufacturing, parts production, and related industries
Tourism: +6.5%
Growth in tourism sector, including hospitality, cultural sites, and related services
Agriculture: +2.2%
Growth in farming, wine production, and food processing industries
Economic vitality indicators:
- Outer: Economic growth rate
- Middle: Financial stability
- Inner: Innovation index
Overall economic wellbeing combining GDP, employment, and market stability metrics
Italy's market dominance in key industries and global trade competitiveness
Projected average annual GDP growth rate for the next five years based on current trends and forecasts
Culture
Cultural Assets
Heritage Sites (2024):
UNESCO World Heritage: 58
Cultural Sites: 53
Natural Sites: 5
Mixed Sites: 0
Memory of World: 18
Infrastructure:
Museums: 4,850
Cultural Centers: 2,250
Theaters: 1,850
Opera Houses: 850
Art Galleries: 3,450
Investment (2024):
Total: €11.5B
Per Capita: €192
% of GDP: 0.8%
Public Share: 78%
Private Share: 22%
Cultural Engagement
Annual Events (2024):
Art Exhibitions: 12K
Opera Performances: 3,850
Classical Concerts: 8,500
Theater Shows: 15K
Cultural Festivals: 5,250
Participation:
Museum Visits: 85M
Festival Attendance: 65M
Cultural Programs: 45M
Heritage Tours: 95M
Digital Access: 85%
Major Events:
Venice Biennale: 850K
Venice Carnival: 3.5M
Opera Season: 2.5M
Art Festivals: 4.5M
Heritage Days: 12M
Cultural Identity
Cultural Sectors:
Fine Arts: 125K
Opera: 45K
Classical Music: 85K
Theater: 65K
Cinema: 95K
Cultural Practice:
Active Artists: 450K
Musicians: 185K
Performers: 125K
Artisans: 285K
Cultural Groups: 25K
Recognition:
Living Heritage: 450
Protected Crafts: 850
Cultural Routes: 285
Master Artisans: 1,250
Heritage Labels: 1,850
News
Education
Education System
Coverage (2024):
Public System: 100%
Primary: 99.9%
Secondary: 96.5%
Private Schools: 12.2%
Higher Ed: 64.8%
Infrastructure:
Public Schools: 40,850
Private Schools: 12,250
Universities: 97
AFAM Institutes: 145
Research Centers: 385
Expenditure (2024):
Total: €75.8B
Per Student: €8,950
% of GDP: 4.3%
Public Share: 92.5%
Private Share: 7.5%
Education Metrics
PISA Scores (2022):
Math: 471
Reading: 482
Science: 477
OECD Average Gap: -2.5%
Global Rank: 20th
Key Indicators:
Student-Teacher: 12:1
Maturità Pass Rate: 98.5%
Dropout Rate: 13.1%
Digital Access: 92.5%
Research Output: 4.2%
Quality:
Accredited Unis: 95%
Int'l Publications: 125K
Research Impact: 1.12
Nobel Laureates: 21
Global Patents: 32.5K
Education Workforce
Educators:
Teachers: 835K
Professors: 62K
Researchers: 185K
Admin Staff: 125K
Support Staff: 225K
Training (2024):
Teacher Schools: 285
Annual Graduates: 48K
PhD Programs: 925
Research Posts: 32K
Training Centers: 185
Avg. Salary (€/Year):
Primary Teacher: 32.5K
Secondary: 35.8K
University Prof: 55.5K
Senior Prof: 82.8K
Researcher: 42.5K
Healthcare
Healthcare System
Coverage (2024):
SSN Coverage: 100%
Private Insurance: 12.5%
Dual Coverage: 10.8%
EU Coverage: 100%
Int'l Agreements: 42
Infrastructure:
Hospitals: 1,055
Hospital Beds: 205,000
ASL Centers: 9,850
Pharmacies: 19,500
Private Clinics: 5,850
Expenditure (2024):
Total: €155.8B
Per Capita: €2,650
% of GDP: 8.8%
Public Share: 78.2%
Private Share: 21.8%
Health Metrics
Life Expectancy:
Overall: 83.6 years
Male: 81.2 years
Female: 85.9 years
Healthy Life: 73.2 years
Global Rank: #3
Key Indicators:
Infant Mortality: 2.6/1K
Maternal Mortality: 4/100K
Obesity Rate: 10.8%
Diabetes: 5.9%
Heart Disease: 12.5%
Prevention:
Vaccination Rate: 95.5%
Screening Rate: 78.5%
Health Checkups: 68.5%
Mental Health: 28.5%
Chronic Care: 88.5%
Medical Workforce
Healthcare Workers:
Physicians: 242K
Nurses: 458K
Specialists: 118K
Pharmacists: 75K
Support Staff: 285K
Education (2024):
Medical Schools: 45
Annual Med Graduates: 8.5K
Nursing Programs: 285
Training Posts: 12.5K
Teaching Hospitals: 165
Avg. Salary (€/Year):
Junior Doctor: 38.5K
Specialist: 85.5K
Nurse: 32.5K
Head Nurse: 45.5K
Family Doctor: 65.5K
Technology
Tech Innovation
Startup Ecosystem:
14 Tech Unicorns
14,500+ Active Startups
€2.8B VC Investment
185+ Tech Incubators
12 Major Tech Hubs
Key Sectors (2024):
Industrial Tech: €45.8B
Manufacturing 4.0: €32.5B
Design Tech: €18.5B
Digital Services: €28.4B
Clean Tech: €15.8B
Growth Areas:
AI/Robotics: €8.5B
IoT Solutions: €12.4B
FinTech: €6.8B
BioTech: €5.5B
Smart Cities: €4.8B
Research & Development
Research Network:
285 Research Centers
225 Tech Institutes
32 Tech Parks: €8.5B
385 University Labs
€28.5B Equipment
Key Projects (2024):
Industry 4.0: €4.8B
AI Research: €2.5B
Green Tech: €3.8B
BioTech: €2.2B
Smart Manuf: €5.5B
Output (2023):
12,500 Patents Filed
85,000 Publications
2,850 Tech Transfers
1,250 Int'l Projects
€45B Economic Impact
Tech Workforce
Talent Pool (2024):
685K Tech Workers
285K Developers
85K Data Scientists
145K IT Engineers
45K AI Specialists
Education:
285 Tech Institutes
225K IT Students
65K Annual Grads
82.5% English Proficient
92.5% Employment Rate
Avg. Salary (EUR/Year):
Senior Dev: €48,500
Data Scientist: €45,000
DevOps Eng: €46,800
AI Engineer: €52,500
Tech Lead: €65,000
Tourism
Tourism Overview
Key Metrics (2024):
Int'l Visitors: 64.5M/year
Domestic Trips: 123M/year
Total Revenue: $52.8B
GDP Contribution: 13.2%
Tourism Jobs: 3.4M
Top Origins:
Germany: 16.8%
USA: 14.2%
France: 12.7%
UK: 9.4%
Switzerland: 7.8%
Top Destinations:
Rome: 18.7M/year
Venice: 12.9M/year
Florence: 11.2M/year
Milan: 9.8M/year
Amalfi Coast: 6.4M/year
Tourism Infrastructure
Accommodation (2024):
Total Hotels: 32,847
Occupancy Rate: 76.4%
Avg. Daily Rate: $242
Agriturismos: 24,576
B&Bs/Guesthouses: 186,892
Seasonal Activities:
Summer: Beaches, Islands
Fall: Wine Tours, Culture
Winter: Skiing, Christmas
Spring: Art, Gardens
Year-round: Food, History
Key Attractions:
UNESCO Sites: 58
Museums: 4,908
Historic Sites: 12,847
Churches: 67,894
Wineries: 7,432
Visitor Experience
Satisfaction (2024):
Overall Rating: 9.2/10
Value for Money: 7.6/10
Safety: 8.4/10
Hospitality: 8.9/10
Return Intent: 93%
Popular Activities:
Food & Wine: 97.8%
Cultural Sites: 94.6%
Art Museums: 88.7%
Shopping: 76.4%
Beach/Coast: 72.3%
Spending Patterns:
Food & Beverage: 32.8%
Accommodation: 28.7%
Shopping: 19.4%
Activities: 11.3%
Transport: 7.8%
Infrastructure
Transportation
Road Network:
285,000 KM Total
7,250 KM Autostrade
78% Good Condition
15,850 Major Bridges
€38B Investment
Rail System:
16,800 KM Track
Alta Velocità: 1,850 KM
Metro: 385 KM
Regional: 9,500 KM
€45B Network
Air & Sea:
42 Major Airports
58 Commercial Ports
Mediterranean Hub
€28B Port Value
€32B Air Network
Utilities
Power Grid:
385,000 KM Lines
185 Power Plants
42% Renewable Mix
850 Smart Stations
€42B Network
Water Systems:
485,000 KM Pipes
538 Major Dams
85% Quality Rate
1,250 Treatment
€35B Network
Management:
Gas: 265,000 KM
Solar Farms: 850
Smart Grid: 65%
Wind Parks: 385
Storage: 42 TWh
Digital Infrastructure
Network Coverage:
5G: 82% Coverage
4G: 99% Coverage
Fiber: 68% Access
Rural: 52% Connected
€28B Investment
Smart Systems:
45 Smart Cities
12.5M IoT Devices
285 Data Centers
75% Cloud Access
€22B Network
Innovation:
AI Integration: 65%
Quantum Ready: 38%
Edge Computing: 58%
Digital Twin: 45%
Cyber Defense: 78%
International Relations
Diplomatic Status
Key Alliances:
EU Core Member
G7 Nation (€2.1T)
NATO Framework
Med-9 Leadership
UN Top Donor
Representation:
132 Embassies Active
84 Consulates General
83 Cultural Institutes
2,860 Diplomatic Staff
€3.2B MAE Budget
Current Status:
G7 Presidency 2024
Med Energy Hub
Africa Partnership
Tech Innovation
Green Industry Lead
Treaties & Agreements
Major Treaties:
EU Market (€2.1T)
NATO Defense (€28B)
Med-9 Energy (€45B)
Africa Plan (€15B)
Belt & Road (€42B)
Trade Status:
Germany: €168.2B Flow
France: €92.7B Trade
US: €84.5B Exchange
China: €72.8B Deal
Spain: €65.4B Pact
Key Agreements:
Green Tech (€32B)
Defense Pact (€18B)
Digital Hub (€24B)
Energy Grid (€38B)
Med Pipeline (€15B)
Conflicts & Disputes
Active Disputes:
Migration Flow (€8.4B)
Energy Costs (€32.5B)
China Trade (€12.8B)
Med Resources (4 Zones)
Tech Tax (€5.2B)
Trade Impacts:
Gas Supply (-28%)
Export Loss (-€14B)
Tourism Drop (-12%)
Tech Services (-18%)
Marine Trade (-15%)
Resolution Progress:
EU Cases: 4 Active
Migration Plan +35%
Energy Deal +42%
Trade Routes +28%
Tech Rules +45%
Military
Armed Forces
Army:
96,700 Active
40,000 Combat Forces
25,000 Combat Support
20,000 Logistics
11,700 Command/Intel
Navy:
28,850 Active
12,000 Surface Fleet
2,100 Submarine Force
5,000 Marine/Aviation
9,750 Support/Intel
Air Force:
41,450 Active
18,000 Combat Air
12,000 Air Defense
6,000 Space/Missile
5,450 Tech/Support
Equipment & Strategic Forces
Conventional:
200 Main Battle Tanks
217 Combat Aircraft
8 Submarines
4 Aircraft Carriers
45 Surface Combatants
Strategic:
NATO Nuclear Share
90 Transport Aircraft
60 Combat Helicopters
4 AWACS
Integrated Air Defense
Space & Tech:
6 Military Satellites
3,000 Cyber Command
2 Space Centers
12 Early Warning Radar
25 Ground Stations
Defense Capabilities
Operations:
NATO Integration
Mediterranean Ops
EU Battlegroups
12 Foreign Missions
25+ Countries
Industry:
Leonardo
Fincantieri
Beretta
Iveco Defense
MBDA Italia
Budget:
$29.8B Total
$26.3B Base
$3.5B Research
1.5% GDP
NATO Target Growth