Mexico
United Mexican States
Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Government Information
Capital: Mexico City
Population: 130.2 million (2023 est)
Area: 1,964,375 km² (758,449 sq mi)
Government Type: Federal presidential republic
Head of State: President Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Head of Government: President Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Legislature: Congress (Senate, Chamber of Deputies)
National Language: Spanish
Establishment: September 16, 1810 (Independence from Spain declared)
Photos
Demographics
Population Stats
Core Metrics (2024):
Total Population: 130.2M
Growth Rate: 0.85%
Median Age: 29.3
Life Expectancy: 75.4
Population Density: 66/km²
Age Distribution:
0-14 years: 25.2%
15-64 years: 66.5%
65+ years: 8.3%
Working Age: 86.6M
Dependency Ratio: 50.4%
Geographic Split:
Urban: 81.2%
Rural: 18.8%
Greater Mexico City: 17.2%
State Capitals: 35.8%
Other Urban: 28.2%
Social Indicators
Education (2024):
Literacy Rate: 95.2%
Higher Education: 30.8%
Public Universities: 984
Student Population: 4.7M
Education Spending: 4.3% GDP
Social Metrics:
Healthcare Coverage: 90.1%
Social Security: 46.3%
Income Equality: 45.4 Gini
Poverty Rate: 36.3%
Middle Class: 45.2%
Cultural Data:
Catholic: 77.7%
Protestant: 11.2%
Other/None: 11.1%
Languages: Spanish (98.3%)
Indigenous: 68 recognized
Demographic Trends
Household Data (2024):
Average Size: 3.6 people
Single Person: 11.1%
Nuclear Family: 53.8%
Extended Family: 24.5%
Multi-Family: 10.6%
Marriage & Family:
Marriage Rate: 4.7/1000
Divorce Rate: 1.9/1000
Median Marriage Age: 28.4
First Child Age: 26.8
Home Ownership: 68.7%
Living Patterns:
Renting: 31.3%
Mortgage Holders: 18.4%
Outright Owners: 50.3%
Shared Housing: 14.2%
Avg. Household Income: $184.8K MXN
Economy
Economic Assets
Core Metrics (2024):
GDP: $1.81T
Total value of goods and services produced annually, 12th largest globally
GDP Growth: 2.4%
Annual percentage increase in Mexico's economic output
GDP Per Capita: $13,850
Average economic output per person in Mexico
National Debt: $420B
Total government debt, relatively moderate among emerging markets
Debt/GDP: 48.5%
Ratio of national debt to annual economic output
Market Data:
Stock Market Cap: $450B
Total value of companies listed on Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV)
Bond Market: $285B
Total value of government and corporate bonds in circulation
Forex Reserves: $211B
Foreign currency holdings, 15th largest reserves globally
Gold Reserves: 120 tons
National gold holdings for financial security
Currency Rate: 17.05
Mexican Peso to US Dollar exchange rate
Trade (2024):
Exports: $595B
Value of goods and services sold to other countries
Imports: $585B
Value of goods and services purchased from other countries
Balance: +$10B
Net difference between exports and imports (trade surplus)
Trade Volume: $1.18T
Total combined value of imports and exports
Partners: 140+ countries
Number of nations Mexico maintains trade relationships with
Economic health indicators:
- Outer: Fiscal stability
- Middle: Market performance
- Inner: Growth dynamics
Overall economic wellbeing combining GDP, employment, and market performance
Mexico's position in regional markets and key industries
Mexico's position as the world's 12th largest economy by GDP
Budget Breakdown
Government Budget (2024):
Total Budget: $398B
Annual government spending plan for fiscal year 2024
Social Security: $85B
Pension, healthcare, and social welfare programs
Healthcare: $42B
Public health system and medical services funding
Education: $38B
Public education system and research funding
Defense: $11B
Military and national security expenditure
Key Allocations:
Infrastructure: $32B
Transportation, energy, and public works projects
Energy/Oil: $28B
PEMEX and energy sector investment
Economic Dev: $18B
Business support and economic growth initiatives
State Support: $75B
Financial assistance to states and municipalities
Debt Service: $45B
Interest payments and debt management
Revenue Sources:
Tax Revenue: $185B
Income tax, VAT, and other tax collections
Oil Revenue: $65B
Income from PEMEX and oil-related activities
Non-Tax: $42B
Fees, duties, and other non-tax income
Borrowing: $106B
New debt issuance to fund budget deficit
Budget efficiency indicators:
- Outer: Spending efficiency
- Middle: Revenue collection
- Inner: Budget balance
Effectiveness of government spending allocation and utilization
Success rate in tax collection and revenue generation targets
Percentage of allocated budget successfully utilized and implemented
Economic Performance
Key Indicators (2024):
Inflation Rate: 4.8%
Annual change in consumer prices, above Banxico's 3% target
Interest Rate: 11.25%
Banxico's benchmark interest rate for monetary policy
Unemployment: 3.2%
Percentage of labor force seeking employment
Labor Force: 58.2M
Total working-age population actively participating in the economy
Job Growth: +45K/mo
Average monthly increase in employment positions
Market Stats (2024):
IPC Index: +12.5% = 58,250
Mexican Stock Exchange's main index performance
Market Cap: $450B
Total value of listed companies on Mexican Stock Exchange
Daily Volume: $850M
Average daily trading volume on Mexican exchanges
Listed Companies: 145
Number of companies listed on Mexican Stock Exchange
Sector Growth:
Manufacturing: +4.2%
Growth in industrial production and manufacturing
Auto Industry: +8.5%
Automotive sector production and exports growth
Agriculture: +3.2%
Growth in agricultural production and exports
Tourism: +15.8%
Growth in tourism sector revenue and visitors
Technology: +6.5%
Growth in tech sector and digital services
Economic vitality indicators:
- Outer: Economic growth momentum
- Middle: Financial market stability
- Inner: Innovation and R&D progress
Overall economic wellbeing combining GDP, employment, and market performance
Mexico's position in regional markets and key industries
Projected average annual GDP growth rate over the next five years
Culture
Cultural Assets
Heritage Sites (2024):
UNESCO World Heritage: 35
Cultural Sites: 27
Natural Sites: 6
Mixed Sites: 2
Memory of World: 15
Infrastructure:
Museums: 1,250
Cultural Centers: 2,850
Theaters: 950
Archaeological Sites: 2,450
Art Galleries: 850
Investment (2024):
Total: MXN 85B
Per Capita: MXN 650
% of GDP: 0.7%
Public Share: 75%
Private Share: 25%
Cultural Engagement
Annual Events (2024):
Traditional Festivals: 12K
Art Exhibitions: 4,500
Music Festivals: 8,500
Cultural Shows: 6,500
Folk Events: 15K
Participation:
Festival Attendance: 185M
Museum Visits: 85M
Cultural Programs: 65M
Heritage Tours: 45M
Digital Access: 85%
Major Events:
Day of the Dead: 12M
Guelaguetza: 850K
Cultural Fairs: 4.5M
Regional Festivals: 8.5M
Heritage Days: 6.5M
Cultural Identity
Cultural Sectors:
Folk Arts: 185K
Music: 125K
Dance: 85K
Crafts: 250K
Visual Arts: 65K
Cultural Practice:
Active Artists: 650K
Artisans: 450K
Performers: 185K
Musicians: 225K
Cultural Groups: 35K
Recognition:
Living Heritage: 450
Protected Crafts: 850
Cultural Routes: 285
Master Artisans: 1,250
Heritage Labels: 750
News
Education
Education System
Coverage (2024):
Public System: 87.5%
Primary: 94.2%
Secondary: 85.8%
Private Schools: 12.5%
Higher Ed: 42.8%
Infrastructure:
Public Schools: 198,850
Private Schools: 45,620
Universities: 3,762
Federal Unis: 9
Research Centers: 265
Expenditure (2024):
Total: MXN 875.2B
Per Student: MXN 42.5K
% of GDP: 3.1%
Public Share: 82.5%
Private Share: 17.5%
Education Metrics
PISA Scores (2022):
Math: 395
Reading: 415
Science: 410
OECD Average Gap: -19.2%
Global Rank: 58th
Key Indicators:
Student-Teacher: 28:1
Graduation Rate: 65.8%
Dropout Rate: 12.5%
Digital Access: 78.5%
Research Output: 0.8%
Quality:
Accredited Unis: 85%
Int'l Publications: 28K
Research Impact: 0.85
Nobel Laureates: 3
Global Patents: 18K
Education Workforce
Educators:
Teachers: 1.22M
Professors: 425K
Researchers: 38K
Admin Staff: 285K
Support Staff: 425K
Training (2024):
Normal Schools: 485
Annual Graduates: 92K
PhD Programs: 385
Research Posts: 12K
Training Centers: 265
Avg. Salary (MXN/Year):
Primary Teacher: 185K
Secondary: 225K
University Prof: 485K
Senior Prof: 685K
Researcher: 425K
Healthcare
Healthcare System
Coverage (2024):
IMSS: 51.2%
INSABI: 35.5%
ISSSTE: 8.8%
Private: 4.5%
Int'l Agreements: 15
Infrastructure:
Hospitals: 4,629
Hospital Beds: 132,000
Health Centers: 28,750
Pharmacies: 42,500
Private Clinics: 11,850
Expenditure (2024):
Total: MXN 1.28T
Per Capita: MXN 9,850
% of GDP: 6.2%
Public Share: 51.8%
Private Share: 48.2%
Health Metrics
Life Expectancy:
Overall: 75.2 years
Male: 72.4 years
Female: 78.0 years
Healthy Life: 65.8 years
Global Rank: #82
Key Indicators:
Infant Mortality: 11.8/1K
Maternal Mortality: 33/100K
Obesity Rate: 28.9%
Diabetes: 14.2%
Heart Disease: 20.1%
Prevention:
Vaccination Rate: 88.5%
Screening Rate: 52.5%
Health Checkups: 38.2%
Mental Health: 15.5%
Chronic Care: 58.5%
Medical Workforce
Healthcare Workers:
Physicians: 305K
Nurses: 385K
Specialists: 125K
Pharmacists: 45K
Support Staff: 285K
Education (2024):
Medical Schools: 158
Annual Med Graduates: 18K
Nursing Programs: 685
Training Posts: 22K
Teaching Hospitals: 115
Avg. Salary (MXN/Year):
Junior Doctor: 385K
Specialist: 850K
Nurse: 280K
Head Nurse: 420K
Family Doctor: 520K
Technology
Tech Innovation
Startup Ecosystem:
6 Tech Unicorns
1,250+ Active Startups
$2.8B VC Investment
85+ Tech Incubators
8 Major Tech Hubs
Key Sectors (2024):
FinTech: $18.5B
E-commerce: $28.4B
IT Services: $12.8B
Digital Media: $8.5B
Software Dev: $6.8B
Growth Areas:
Digital Payments: $12.5B
Cloud Services: $4.8B
AI/ML: $2.2B
IoT: $1.8B
Clean Tech: $1.5B
Research & Development
Research Network:
185 Research Centers
125 Tech Institutes
28 Science Parks
285 University Labs
$2.5B Equipment
Key Projects (2024):
Digital Trans.: $850M
Smart Cities: $450M
Clean Energy: $380M
BioTech: $285M
AI Research: $225M
Output (2023):
18,500 Patents Filed
45,000 Publications
1,850 Tech Transfers
850 Int'l Projects
$8.5B Economic Impact
Tech Workforce
Talent Pool (2024):
685K Tech Workers
285K Developers
85K Data Scientists
125K IT Engineers
25K AI Specialists
Education:
285 Tech Institutes
185K IT Students
45K Annual Grads
85.5% English Proficient
88.5% Employment Rate
Avg. Salary (USD/Year):
Senior Dev: $38,500
Data Scientist: $35,000
DevOps Eng: $36,800
AI Engineer: $42,500
Tech Lead: $55,000
Tourism
Tourism Overview
Key Metrics (2024):
Int'l Visitors: 42.3M/year
Domestic Trips: 196M/year
Total Revenue: $31.5B
GDP Contribution: 8.6%
Tourism Jobs: 4.5M
Top Origins:
USA: 58.7%
Canada: 12.4%
UK: 4.8%
Colombia: 3.9%
Spain: 3.2%
Top Destinations:
Cancún: 14.8M/year
Mexico City: 11.2M/year
Los Cabos: 4.7M/year
Puerto Vallarta: 4.2M/year
Riviera Maya: 3.9M/year
Tourism Infrastructure
Accommodation (2024):
Total Hotels: 24,967
Occupancy Rate: 67.8%
Avg. Daily Rate: $186
All-Inclusive: 2,847
Boutique Hotels: 1,892
Seasonal Activities:
Summer: Beaches, Water Sports
Fall: Cultural Festivals, Food
Winter: Whale Watching, Golf
Spring: Eco-Tourism, Ruins
Year-round: Cuisine, Markets
Key Attractions:
Archaeological Sites: 193
Beaches: 719
Colonial Towns: 132
UNESCO Sites: 35
Pueblos Mágicos: 177
Visitor Experience
Satisfaction (2024):
Overall Rating: 8.9/10
Value for Money: 8.7/10
Safety: 7.2/10
Hospitality: 9.4/10
Return Intent: 91%
Popular Activities:
Beach/Resort: 87.4%
Food & Dining: 84.9%
Cultural Sites: 76.8%
Adventure Tours: 72.3%
Local Markets: 68.7%
Spending Patterns:
Accommodation: 36.8%
Food & Beverage: 24.7%
Activities: 19.4%
Shopping: 12.3%
Transport: 6.8%
Infrastructure
Transportation
Road Network:
385,000 KM Total
52,000 KM Federal
65% Good Condition
15,800 Major Bridges
$285B Investment
Rail System:
23,500 KM Track
Maya Train: 1,525 KM
Metro: 485 KM
Freight: 18,500 KM
$185B Network
Air & Sea:
64 Major Airports
117 Seaports
AIFA Mega Hub
$125B Port Value
$165B Air Network
Utilities
Power Grid:
885,000 KM Lines
185 Power Plants
28% Renewable Mix
850 Smart Stations
$245B Network
Water Systems:
285,000 KM Pipes
5,850 Dams
72% Quality Rate
2,850 Treatment
$165B Network
Management:
Gas: 92,000 KM
Solar Farms: 185
Smart Grid: 35%
Wind Parks: 85
Storage: 25 TWh
Digital Infrastructure
Network Coverage:
5G: 35% Coverage
4G: 92% Coverage
Fiber: 45% Access
Rural: 38% Connected
$185B Investment
Smart Systems:
25 Smart Cities
8.5M IoT Devices
185 Data Centers
52% Cloud Access
$125B Network
Innovation:
AI Integration: 42%
Quantum Ready: 25%
Edge Computing: 38%
Digital Twin: 28%
Cyber Defense: 58%
International Relations
Diplomatic Status
Key Alliances:
USMCA Core ($860B)
Pacific Alliance
G20 Member State
APEC Partnership
OECD Framework
Representation:
80 Embassies Active
67 Consulates General
22 Cultural Centers
2,240 Diplomatic Staff
$8.5B SRE Budget
Current Status:
Near-Shoring Hub
LatAm Trade Lead
Energy Partnership
Tech Manufacturing
Green Transition
Treaties & Agreements
Major Treaties:
USMCA Trade ($860B)
EU FTA ($75.5B)
Pacific Deal ($48B)
Japan EPA ($22.8B)
UK Trade ($5.2B)
Trade Status:
US: $725.2B Flow
China: $110.8B Deal
EU: $75.5B Exchange
Canada: $48.4B Pact
Japan: $22.8B Trade
Key Agreements:
Auto Sector ($185B)
Tech Industry ($65B)
Energy Trade ($42B)
Agriculture ($38B)
Green Tech ($28B)
Conflicts & Disputes
Active Disputes:
Energy Policy ($8.2B)
Auto Rules ($12.4B)
Labor Rights ($5.8B)
Border Issues (3 Areas)
Corn Trade ($3.2B)
Trade Impacts:
Energy Sector (-28%)
Auto Exports (-$4.2B)
Agriculture (-15%)
Labor Disputes (-22%)
Tech Transfer (-18%)
Resolution Progress:
USMCA Cases: 5 Active
Energy Talks +32%
Labor Rules +45%
Trade Flow +28%
Border Coop +38%
Military
Armed Forces
Army:
183,562 Active
75,000 Combat Forces
55,000 Combat Support
35,000 Logistics
18,562 Command/Intel
Navy:
56,587 Active
20,000 Surface Fleet
18,000 Marine Corps
10,000 Coastal Defense
8,587 Support/Intel
Air Force:
37,851 Active
15,000 Combat Air
12,000 Transport
6,000 Helicopter
4,851 Tech/Support
Equipment & Strategic Forces
Conventional:
0 Main Battle Tanks
120 Light Tanks
85 Combat Aircraft
8 Frigates
143 Patrol Vessels
Strategic:
102 Transport Aircraft
118 Utility Helicopters
24 Attack Helicopters
Maritime Patrol
Coastal Radar Net
Space & Tech:
3 Military Satellites
2,000 Cyber Personnel
1 Space Center
8 Early Warning Radar
15 Ground Stations
Defense Capabilities
Operations:
12 Military Regions
46 Military Zones
Internal Security
Counter-Narcotics
Disaster Response
Industry:
DGIM
Military Factory
Naval Shipyards
Ammunition Plants
Limited Production
Budget:
$8.7B Total
$7.9B Base
$0.8B Research
0.6% GDP
Limited Growth