Russia
Russian Federation
Российская Федерация
Government Information
Capital: Moscow
Population: 143.4 million (2023 est)
Area: 17,098,246 km² (6,601,670 sq mi)
Government Type: Federal semi-presidential republic
Head of State: President Vladimir Putin
Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin
Legislature: Federal Assembly (State Duma, Federation Council)
National Language: Russian
Establishment: December 25, 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Photos
Demographics
Population Stats
Core Metrics (2024):
Total Population: 146.4M
Growth Rate: -0.22%
Median Age: 40.3
Life Expectancy: 72.5
Population Density: 8.6/km²
Age Distribution:
0-14 years: 18.2%
15-64 years: 65.6%
65+ years: 16.2%
Working Age: 96M
Dependency Ratio: 52.4%
Geographic Split:
Urban: 74.8%
Rural: 25.2%
European Russia: 77.9%
Siberia: 16.4%
Far East: 5.7%
Social Indicators
Education (2024):
Literacy Rate: 99.7%
Higher Education: 56.7%
Public Universities: 724
Student Population: 4.1M
Education Spending: 4.7% GDP
Social Metrics:
Healthcare Coverage: 100%
Social Security: 98.3%
Income Equality: 37.5 Gini
Poverty Rate: 13.5%
Middle Class: 63.1%
Cultural Data:
Orthodox: 63.1%
No Religion: 23.1%
Muslim: 6.5%
Other: 7.3%
Languages: Russian (85.7%)
Demographic Trends
Household Data (2024):
Average Size: 2.6 people
Single Person: 25.7%
Nuclear Family: 41.3%
Extended Family: 26.8%
Multi-Family: 6.2%
Marriage & Family:
Marriage Rate: 6.3/1000
Divorce Rate: 3.9/1000
Median Marriage Age: 27.4
First Child Age: 25.8
Home Ownership: 87.3%
Living Patterns:
Renting: 12.7%
Mortgage Holders: 8.4%
Outright Owners: 78.9%
Shared Housing: 7.2%
Avg. Household Income: ₽756K
Economy
Economic Assets
Core Metrics (2024):
GDP: ₽207.2T
Total value of goods and services produced annually, 9th largest globally
GDP Growth: 3.2%
Annual percentage increase in Russia's economic output
GDP Per Capita: ₽1.42M
Average economic output per person in Russia
National Debt: ₽45.3T
Total government debt, relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio
Debt/GDP: 21.8%
Ratio of national debt to annual economic output
Market Data:
Stock Market Cap: ₽75.9T
Total value of companies listed on Moscow Exchange (MOEX)
Bond Market: ₽32.4T
Total value of government and corporate bonds in circulation
Forex Reserves: ₽54.1T
Foreign currency and gold holdings, 5th largest globally
Gold Reserves: 2,332 tons
World's 5th largest gold reserves for financial security
Currency Rate: 92.5₽
Russian Ruble to US Dollar exchange rate
Trade (2024):
Exports: ₽42.6T
Value of goods and services sold internationally
Imports: ₽35.2T
Value of goods and services purchased internationally
Balance: +₽7.4T
Net difference between exports and imports (trade surplus)
Trade Volume: ₽77.7T
Total combined value of imports and exports
Partners: 110+ countries
Number of nations Russia maintains trade relationships with
Economic health indicators:
- Outer: Fiscal stability
- Middle: Natural resource strength
- Inner: Growth dynamics
Overall economic wellbeing combining GDP, reserves, and market performance
Natural resource wealth and energy sector performance
Russia's position as the world's 9th largest economy by GDP
Budget Breakdown
Government Budget (2024):
Total Budget: ₽29.6T
Annual government spending plan for fiscal year 2024
Defense: ₽6.5T
Military and national security expenditure
Social Security: ₽8.8T
Pension, healthcare, and social welfare programs
Education: ₽2.3T
Public education system and research funding
Healthcare: ₽3.2T
Public health system and medical services funding
Key Allocations:
Infrastructure: ₽2.7T
Transportation, energy, and public works projects
Energy Sector: ₽2.6T
State energy companies and infrastructure investment
Regional Support: ₽2.0T
Financial assistance to regions and territories
Industry Support: ₽1.4T
Industrial development and manufacturing support
Debt Service: ₽1.9T
Interest payments and debt management
Revenue Sources:
Oil & Gas: ₽13.5T
Revenue from energy exports and taxation
Tax Revenue: ₽11.0T
Income tax, VAT, and other tax collections
Customs: ₽3.2T
Import duties and customs fees
Other Sources: ₽1.9T
Various non-tax revenue sources
Budget efficiency indicators:
- Outer: Spending efficiency
- Middle: Revenue collection
- Inner: Budget balance
Effectiveness of government spending allocation and utilization
Success rate in tax collection and revenue generation targets
Percentage of allocated budget successfully utilized and implemented
Economic Performance
Key Indicators (2024):
Inflation Rate: 7.4%
Annual change in consumer prices, above central bank target
Interest Rate: 16%
Central Bank of Russia's key rate
Unemployment: 3.8%
Percentage of labor force seeking employment
Labor Force: 75.2M
Total working-age population actively participating in the economy
Job Growth: +35K/mo
Average monthly increase in employment positions
Market Stats (2024):
MOEX Index: +15.2% = 3,285
Moscow Exchange Index performance
Daily Volume: ₽259B
Average daily trading volume on MOEX
Listed Companies: 215
Number of companies listed on Moscow Exchange
Oil & Gas: +18.5% = 7,850
MOEX Oil & Gas Index performance and closing value
IPOs: 8 = ₽259B
Number of new listings and total value raised
Sector Growth:
Energy: +6.8%
Oil, gas, and energy sector growth
Manufacturing: +4.2%
Industrial production and manufacturing growth
Agriculture: +3.5%
Agricultural sector and food production growth
Defense Industry: +12.5%
Military and defense industry growth
Technology: +2.8%
Tech sector and digital services growth
Economic vitality indicators:
- Outer: Natural resource utilization
- Middle: Industrial capacity
- Inner: International trade
Ability to maintain economic stability under external pressures
Global economic and resource influence
Projected average annual GDP growth rate over next five years
Culture
Cultural Assets
Heritage Sites (2024):
UNESCO World Heritage: 30
Cultural Sites: 19
Natural Sites: 11
Mixed Sites: 0
Memory of World: 24
Infrastructure:
Museums: 2,850
Cultural Centers: 3,450
Theaters: 1,850
Opera Houses: 450
Art Galleries: 1,250
Investment (2024):
Total: ₽850B
Per Capita: ₽5,850
% of GDP: 0.8%
Public Share: 82%
Private Share: 18%
Cultural Engagement
Annual Events (2024):
Classical Performances: 18K
Art Exhibitions: 8,500
Ballet Shows: 4,500
Folk Festivals: 12K
Cultural Shows: 15K
Participation:
Theater Attendance: 125M
Museum Visits: 185M
Cultural Programs: 95M
Heritage Tours: 85M
Digital Access: 88%
Major Events:
White Nights: 2.5M
Maslenitsa: 8.5M
Cultural Forums: 1.2M
Art Festivals: 4.5M
Heritage Days: 6.5M
Cultural Identity
Cultural Sectors:
Classical Arts: 185K
Ballet & Dance: 85K
Literature: 125K
Folk Arts: 225K
Music: 165K
Cultural Practice:
Active Artists: 750K
Performers: 385K
Musicians: 285K
Writers: 165K
Cultural Groups: 45K
Recognition:
Living Heritage: 650
Protected Crafts: 1,250
Cultural Routes: 385
Master Artists: 2,850
Heritage Labels: 1,850
News
Education
Education System
Coverage (2024):
Public System: 95.2%
Primary: 99.8%
Secondary: 96.5%
Private Schools: 4.8%
Higher Ed: 85.2%
Infrastructure:
Public Schools: 40,250
Private Schools: 2,850
Universities: 724
Federal Unis: 10
Research Centers: 865
Expenditure (2024):
Total: ₽4.85T
Per Student: ₽185K
% of GDP: 4.2%
Public Share: 95.2%
Private Share: 4.8%
Education Metrics
PISA Scores (2022):
Math: 498
Reading: 486
Science: 478
OECD Average Gap: -2.5%
Global Rank: 24th
Key Indicators:
Student-Teacher: 19:1
Graduation Rate: 92.5%
Dropout Rate: 3.8%
Digital Access: 89.5%
Research Output: 3.2%
Quality:
Accredited Unis: 92%
Int'l Publications: 125K
Research Impact: 0.95
Nobel Laureates: 31
Global Patents: 45K
Education Workforce
Educators:
Teachers: 1.35M
Professors: 265K
Researchers: 348K
Admin Staff: 285K
Support Staff: 425K
Training (2024):
Ped. Universities: 185
Annual Graduates: 125K
PhD Programs: 1,850
Research Posts: 85K
Training Centers: 450
Avg. Salary (₽/Year):
Primary Teacher: 485K
Secondary: 525K
University Prof: 985K
Senior Prof: 1.85M
Researcher: 865K
Healthcare
Healthcare System
Coverage (2024):
OMS Coverage: 100%
Private Insurance: 6.8%
Dual Coverage: 5.2%
DMS Coverage: 12.5%
Int'l Agreements: 32
Infrastructure:
Hospitals: 5,065
Hospital Beds: 1.12M
Polyclinics: 18,850
Pharmacies: 62,500
Medical Centers: 8,250
Expenditure (2024):
Total: ₽5.85T
Per Capita: ₽40,250
% of GDP: 5.8%
Public Share: 82.5%
Private Share: 17.5%
Health Metrics
Life Expectancy:
Overall: 72.6 years
Male: 67.5 years
Female: 77.7 years
Healthy Life: 63.2 years
Global Rank: #96
Key Indicators:
Infant Mortality: 4.4/1K
Maternal Mortality: 17/100K
Obesity Rate: 23.1%
Diabetes: 6.1%
Heart Disease: 13.2%
Prevention:
Vaccination Rate: 97.2%
Screening Rate: 58.5%
Health Checkups: 45.8%
Mental Health: 12.5%
Chronic Care: 72.5%
Medical Workforce
Healthcare Workers:
Physicians: 565K
Nurses: 1.32M
Specialists: 285K
Pharmacists: 75K
Support Staff: 485K
Education (2024):
Medical Schools: 88
Annual Med Graduates: 35K
Nursing Programs: 450
Training Posts: 42K
Teaching Hospitals: 125
Avg. Salary (₽/Year):
Junior Doctor: 720K
Specialist: 1.8M
Nurse: 480K
Head Nurse: 720K
Family Doctor: 960K
Technology
Tech Innovation
Tech Ecosystem:
4,500+ Active Tech Companies
₽385B Investment (2024)
125+ Tech Incubators
15 Technoparks
12 Major Tech Hubs
Key Sectors (2024):
IT Services: ₽1.85T
Cybersecurity: ₽850B
Software Dev: ₽685B
Digital Services: ₽585B
Cloud Tech: ₽425B
Growth Areas:
AI/ML: ₽285B
Quantum Computing: ₽125B
Space Tech: ₽225B
Robotics: ₽185B
Biotech: ₽165B
Research & Development
Research Network:
485 Research Centers
285 Tech Institutes
45 Science Cities
585 University Labs
₽585B Equipment
Key Projects (2024):
Quantum Tech: ₽125B
AI Development: ₽85B
Space Research: ₽165B
Nuclear Tech: ₽145B
Nanotech: ₽85B
Output (2023):
28,500 Patents Filed
85,000 Publications
2,850 Tech Transfers
1,850 Int'l Projects
₽1.2T Economic Impact
Tech Workforce
Talent Pool (2024):
1.85M Tech Workers
585K Developers
185K Data Scientists
285K IT Engineers
85K AI Specialists
Education:
385 Tech Institutes
285K IT Students
85K Annual Grads
92.5% Employment Rate
95.5% Retention Rate
Avg. Salary (₽/Year):
Senior Dev: ₽2.85M
Data Scientist: ₽2.45M
DevOps Eng: ₽2.65M
AI Engineer: ₽3.2M
Tech Lead: ₽4.5M
Tourism
Tourism Overview
Key Metrics (2024):
Int'l Visitors: 5.1M/year
Domestic Trips: 284M/year
Total Revenue: $34.8B
GDP Contribution: 4.8%
Tourism Jobs: 2.6M
Top Origins:
China: 24.8%
Kazakhstan: 12.4%
South Korea: 9.8%
Germany: 8.2%
Turkey: 7.4%
Top Destinations:
Moscow: 2.4M/year
St. Petersburg: 1.9M/year
Sochi: 0.9M/year
Lake Baikal: 0.7M/year
Golden Ring: 0.6M/year
Tourism Infrastructure
Accommodation (2024):
Total Hotels: 28,947
Occupancy Rate: 64.8%
Avg. Daily Rate: $156
Historic Hotels: 842
Mountain Resorts: 384
Seasonal Activities:
Summer: Culture, Cruises
Fall: Arts, Museums
Winter: Ice Festival, Aurora
Spring: White Nights, Parks
Year-round: Urban Tourism
Key Attractions:
UNESCO Sites: 30
Museums: 2,847
Theaters: 642
Palaces: 284
National Parks: 64
Visitor Experience
Satisfaction (2024):
Overall Rating: 8.4/10
Value for Money: 8.8/10
Safety: 7.6/10
Hospitality: 7.8/10
Return Intent: 72%
Popular Activities:
Cultural Sites: 88.7%
Museums/Galleries: 82.4%
Performing Arts: 64.8%
Winter Activities: 42.6%
River Cruises: 38.4%
Spending Patterns:
Cultural Activities: 32.8%
Accommodation: 28.4%
Food & Beverage: 18.7%
Transport: 12.4%
Shopping: 7.7%
Infrastructure
Transportation
Road Network:
1.5M KM Total
85,000 KM Federal
68% Good Condition
42,000 Major Bridges
₽3.8T Investment
Rail System:
85,000 KM Track
High-Speed: 2,500 KM
Metro: 850 KM
Freight: 45,000 KM
₽4.2T Network
Air & Sea:
241 Major Airports
67 Seaports
Northern Sea Route
₽2.8T Port Value
₽3.5T Air Network
Utilities
Power Grid:
2.8M KM Lines
385 Power Plants
21% Renewable Mix
2,850 Smart Stations
₽4.5T Network
Water Systems:
585,000 KM Pipes
65 Major Dams
75% Quality Rate
3,850 Treatment
₽3.2T Network
Management:
Gas: 785,000 KM
Heat: 185,000 KM
Smart Grid: 45%
Nuclear: 38 Plants
Storage: 285 TWh
Digital Infrastructure
Network Coverage:
6G: Research Phase
5G: 45% Coverage
Fiber: 72% Access
Rural: 55% Connected
₽2.8T Investment
Smart Systems:
52 Smart Cities
15M IoT Devices
285 Data Centers
68% Cloud Access
₽1.9T Network
Innovation:
AI Integration: 62%
Quantum Ready: 45%
Edge Computing: 58%
Digital Twin: 42%
Cyber Defense: 85%
International Relations
Diplomatic Status
Key Alliances:
BRICS Member
SCO Partner
EAEU Leader
CSTO Head
Arctic Council
Representation:
144 Embassies Active
85 Consulates General
42 Cultural Centers
12,500 MFA Staff
₽865B MFA Budget
Current Status:
Military Action
Under Sanctions
Energy Exporter
Defense Power
Tech Development
Treaties & Agreements
Major Treaties:
China Trade (₽4.2T)
EAEU Core (₽2.8T)
India Deal (₽1.8T)
Iran Pact (₽985B)
BRICS Flow (₽3.5T)
Trade Status:
China: ₽4.2T Flow
India: ₽1.8T Trade
Turkey: ₽985B Deal
Iran: ₽785B Pact
Brazil: ₽625B Exchange
Key Agreements:
Energy Export (₽5.8T)
Defense Tech (₽2.2T)
Resource Trade (₽1.5T)
Space Tech (₽685B)
Nuclear Power (₽885B)
Conflicts & Disputes
Active Conflicts:
Ukraine War (Active)
Global Sanctions (₽8.5T)
Asset Freeze (₽4.2T)
Tech Access (₽2.8T)
Trade Blocks (₽3.5T)
Economic Impact:
Western Trade (-65%)
Asian Trade (+42%)
Defense Spend (+85%)
Tech Imports (-58%)
Energy Sales (+28%)
Strategic Shifts:
East Pivot +75%
Defense Focus +92%
Tech Domestic +45%
New Markets +38%
Alternative Pay +65%
Military
Armed Forces
Ground Forces:
280,000 Active
120,000 Combat Units
80,000 Combat Support
50,000 Logistics
30,000 Command/Intel
Navy:
150,000 Active
45,000 Surface Fleet
35,000 Submarine Force
15,000 Naval Aviation
55,000 Support/Coastal
Aerospace:
165,000 Active
55,000 Combat Air
45,000 Air Defense
35,000 Space Forces
30,000 Tech/Support
Equipment & Strategic Forces
Conventional:
2,800 Main Battle Tanks
1,391 Combat Aircraft
58 Attack Submarines
1 Aircraft Carrier
360 Surface Combatants
Strategic:
5,977 Nuclear Warheads
310 ICBMs
11 SSBNs
176 SLBM Tubes
68 Strategic Bombers
Space & Tech:
176 Military Satellites
15,000 Cyber Forces
5 Cosmodromes
20 Early Warning Radar
85 Ground Stations
Defense Capabilities
Operations:
5 Military Districts
Joint Strategic Command
Regional Operations
21 Foreign Bases
15+ Countries
Industry:
Rostec
United Aircraft
United Shipbuilding
Almaz-Antey
Tactical Missiles
Budget:
$72B Total
$65B Base
$7B Research
4.1% GDP
Wartime Economy