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Türkiye

Republic of Türkiye

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti

Flag of Türkiye
Emblem of Türkiye

Government Information

Capital: Ankara

Population: 85.3 million (2023 est)

Area: 783,356 km² (302,455 sq mi)

Government Type: Unitary presidential constitutional republic

Head of State: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Head of Government: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Legislature: Grand National Assembly

National Language: Turkish

Establishment: October 29, 1923 (Republic declared)

Photos

Türkiye Landscape 1
Türkiye Landscape 2
Türkiye Landscape 3
Türkiye Cityscape 1
Türkiye Cityscape 2
Türkiye Cityscape 3

Demographics

Population Stats

Core Metrics (2024):

Total Population: 85.7M

Growth Rate: 0.88%

Median Age: 33.1

Life Expectancy: 78.6

Population Density: 110/km²

Age Distribution:

0-14 years: 22.8%

15-64 years: 67.4%

65+ years: 9.8%

Working Age: 57.8M

Dependency Ratio: 48.4%

Geographic Split:

Urban: 76.8%

Rural: 23.2%

Greater Istanbul: 18.9%

Provincial Centers: 42.7%

Other Urban: 15.2%

Region Distribution
Marmara: 25.4%Central: 16.8%Aegean: 12.3%
Istanbul Metro
16.2M
Population 15-40
34.3M
World
#17
Population
Rank

Social Indicators

Education (2024):

Literacy Rate: 96.7%

Higher Education: 44.3%

Public Universities: 129

Student Population: 8.3M

Education Spending: 4.3% GDP

Social Metrics:

Healthcare Coverage: 98.5%

Social Security: 85.3%

Income Equality: 41.9 Gini

Poverty Rate: 21.3%

Middle Class: 59.8%

Cultural Data:

Muslim: 96.3%

Other: 2.5%

Non-Religious: 1.2%

Languages: Turkish (85.5%)

Regional: Kurdish (12.1%)

Religious Distribution
Muslim: 96.3%Other: 2.5%None: 1.2%
Population in Poverty
18.3M
Muslim Population
82.5M
Social
0.838
Development
Index

Demographic Trends

Household Data (2024):

Average Size: 3.2 people

Single Person: 17.9%

Nuclear Family: 45.3%

Extended Family: 29.8%

Multi-Family: 7%

Marriage & Family:

Marriage Rate: 5.2/1000

Divorce Rate: 1.8/1000

Median Marriage Age: 27.9

First Child Age: 29.1

Home Ownership: 58.8%

Living Patterns:

Renting: 41.2%

Mortgage Holders: 22.3%

Outright Owners: 36.5%

Shared Housing: 12.4%

Avg. Household Income: ₺198.5K

Ethnic Distribution
Turkish: 75.2%Kurdish: 18.4%Other: 6.4%
Annual Population Change
+0.88%
Turkish Population
64.4M
2050
97.1M
Population
Forecast

Economy

Economic Assets

Core Metrics (2024):

GDP: ₺21.7T

GDP Growth: 4.5%

GDP Per Capita: ₺252K

National Debt: ₺8.2T

Debt/GDP: 38%

Market Data:

Stock Market Cap: ₺9.8T

Bond Market: ₺4.2T

Forex Reserves: $128B

Gold Reserves: 582 tons

Currency Rate: 31.95

Trade (2024):

Exports: $255B

Imports: $360B

Balance: -$105B

Trade Volume: $615B

Partners: 190+ countries

Economic Health
Fiscal: 78%Market: 82%Growth: 88%
Market Confidence
82%
Global Position
85%
Global
#17
Ranking
Economic Power

Budget Breakdown

Government Budget (2024):

Total Budget: ₺11.5T

Defense: ₺1.1T

Healthcare: ₺1.2T

Social Protection: ₺1.8T

Debt Service: ₺820B

Key Allocations:

Education: ₺650B

Infrastructure: ₺520B

Security: ₺425B

Agriculture: ₺380B

R&D: ₺185B

Revenue Sources:

Tax Revenue: ₺4.2T

VAT: ₺2.8T

Corporate Tax: ₺1.2T

Customs: ₺750B

Other Sources: ₺950B

Budget Efficiency
Spending: 80%Revenue: 82%Balance: 78%
Spending Efficiency
80%
Revenue Performance
82%
Fiscal
80%
Efficiency
Rating

Economic Performance

Key Indicators (2024):

Inflation Rate: 65.4%

Interest Rate: 45%

Unemployment: 9.8%

Labor Force: 32.5M

Job Growth: +85K/mo

Market Stats (2024):

BIST 100: +45.2% = 8,750.24

BIST 30: +42.8% = 9,850.65

BIST Banks: +38.5% = 3,250.80

Market Vol: ₺85B/day

IPOs: 32/year

Sector Growth:

Manufacturing: +6.8%

Tourism: +8.5%

Agriculture: +4.2%

Services: +5.5%

Technology: +7.2%

Economic Vitality
Growth: 82%Stability: 85%Innovation: 88%
Economic Health
85%
Market Leadership
82%
Global
85%
Performance
Rating

Culture

Cultural Assets

Heritage Sites (2024):

UNESCO World Heritage: 19

Cultural Sites: 17

Natural Sites: 2

Mixed Sites: 0

Memory of World: 12

Infrastructure:

Museums: 1,250

Cultural Centers: 2,450

Historical Sites: 3,850

Art Galleries: 850

Traditional Venues: 1,650

Investment (2024):

Total: ₺45B

Per Capita: ₺525

% of GDP: 0.7%

Public Share: 80%

Private Share: 20%

Cultural Access
Free Entry: 92%Daily: 90%Virtual: 88%
Heritage Preservation
93.5%
Public Accessibility
92%
Global
#12
Ranking
Cultural Heritage

Cultural Engagement

Annual Events (2024):

Cultural Festivals: 2,850

Art Exhibitions: 1,250

Heritage Events: 1,850

Traditional Shows: 2,450

Music Festivals: 950

Participation:

Festival Attendance: 65M

Museum Visits: 45M

Cultural Programs: 35M

Heritage Tours: 25M

Digital Access: 92%

Major Events:

Istanbul Festival: 2.5M

Ramadan Events: 3.8M

Heritage Days: 1.5M

Art Biennale: 850K

Cultural Week: 1.2M

Cultural Engagement
Physical: 92%Digital: 90%Youth: 88%
Regular Events
125M
Major Festivals
85M
Annual
250M
Participants
Cultural Events

Cultural Identity

Cultural Sectors:

Traditional Arts: 125K

Music & Dance: 85K

Visual Arts: 45K

Heritage: 165K

Modern Arts: 65K

Cultural Practice:

Active Artists: 285K

Artisans: 165K

Performers: 85K

Craftspeople: 125K

Cultural Groups: 45K

Recognition:

Living Heritage: 450

Protected Crafts: 850

Cultural Routes: 385

Master Artisans: 1,250

Heritage Labels: 650

Heritage Activities
Traditional: 94%Modern: 92%Digital: 90%
Traditional Practice
94%
Youth Engagement
90%
Active
850K
Practitioners
Cultural Arts

News

Education

Education System

Coverage (2024):

Public System: 94.5%

Primary: 98.2%

Secondary: 85.7%

Private Schools: 5.5%

Higher Ed: 44.1%

Infrastructure:

Public Schools: 54,150

Private Schools: 3,250

Universities: 207

Technical Schools: 985

Research Centers: 285

Expenditure (2024):

Total: ₺825B

Per Student: ₺28.5K

% of GDP: 4.8%

Public Share: 94.5%

Private Share: 5.5%

Education Access
Basic: 98.2%Secondary: 85.7%Higher: 44.1%
Literacy (Adult Rate)
96.7%
High School Completion
85.7%
Global
34
Ranking
Education System

Education Metrics

PISA Scores (2022):

Math: 453

Reading: 475

Science: 459

OECD Average Gap: -8.5%

Global Rank: 34th

Key Indicators:

Student-Teacher: 23:1

Graduation Rate: 85.7%

Dropout Rate: 28.7%

Digital Access: 85.5%

Research Output: 1.2%

Quality:

Accredited Unis: 100%

Int'l Publications: 45K

Research Impact: 0.85

Patents Filed: 25K

Int'l Partnerships: 850

Education Quality
Grad: 85.7%Digital: 85.5%Quality: 82.5%
University Rankings (Top 1000)
15
Research (Global Share)
1.2%
Quality
B
Grade
National Rating

Education Workforce

Educators:

Teachers: 985K

Professors: 165K

Researchers: 85K

Admin Staff: 125K

Support Staff: 225K

Training (2024):

Teaching Colleges: 95

Annual Graduates: 65K

PhD Programs: 385

Research Posts: 25K

Training Centers: 185

Avg. Salary (₺K/Year):

Primary Teacher: 285K

Secondary: 325K

University Prof: 585K

Senior Prof: 785K

Researcher: 425K

Student-Teacher Ratio
23:1 Primary21:1 Secondary25:1 Higher
Staffing (Positions Filled)
92.5%
Qualified (Teaching Staff)
95.5%
Growth
2.5%
Annual
Workforce Expansion

Healthcare

Healthcare System

Coverage (2024):

SGK Coverage: 98.5%

Private Insurance: 8.2%

Dual Coverage: 6.8%

Green Card: 7.4%

Int'l Agreements: 22

Infrastructure:

1,534 Hospitals

251,000 Hospital Beds

26,528 Family Centers

27,100 Pharmacies

2,500 Private Clinics

Expenditure (2024):

Total: ₺988.5B

Per Capita: ₺11,590

% of GDP: 5.4%

Public Share: 77.5%

Private Share: 22.5%

Healthcare Access
91.7% SGK Only1.4% Private6.8% Both
Occupancy
68.7%
Hospital Beds
Access
92.5%
Care Availability
WHO Ranking
70
Global
Healthcare System

Health Metrics

Life Expectancy:

Overall: 78.6 years

Male: 75.6 years

Female: 81.6 years

Healthy Life: 58.3 years

Global Rank: #41

Key Indicators:

Infant Mortality: 8.1/1K

Maternal Mortality: 13.1/100K

Obesity Rate: 32.1%

Diabetes: 12.8%

Heart Disease: 11.2%

Prevention:

Vaccination Rate: 96.2%

Screening Rate: 71.5%

Health Checkups: 65.8%

Mental Health: 11.2%

Chronic Care: 78.5%

Population Health
68.5% Excellent/Good22.8% Fair8.7% Poor
Quality
81.5%
Patient Satisfaction
Outcomes
76.8%
Success Rate
Health
B
Grade
National Rating

Medical Workforce

Healthcare Workers:

Physicians: 178K

Nurses: 242K

Specialists: 87K

Pharmacists: 38K

Support Staff: 385K

Education (2024):

Medical Schools: 104

Annual Med Graduates: 16K

Nursing Programs: 135

Training Posts: 12K

Teaching Hospitals: 65

Avg. Salary (₺/Year):

Junior Doctor: 360K

Specialist: 720K

Nurse: 288K

Head Nurse: 384K

Family Doctor: 480K

Provider Ratio
2.1 Physicians2.8 Nurses1.0 Specialists
per 1,000 Population
Staffing
92.5%
Filled Positions
Specialists
78.5%
Availability
Growth
4.2%
Annual
Workforce Expansion

Technology

Tech Innovation

Tech Ecosystem:

6 Tech Unicorns

7,500+ Active Startups

₺85B Investment (2024)

95+ Tech Incubators

15 Major Tech Hubs

Key Sectors (2024):

E-commerce: ₺450B

FinTech: ₺185B

Gaming: ₺125B

Defense Tech: ₺95B

Digital Services: ₺75B

Growth Areas:

AI/ML: ₺45B

Drones/UAVs: ₺35B

Clean Tech: ₺28B

IoT Solutions: ₺22B

Digital Health: ₺18B

Tech Market Share
45.5% Services35.8% Software18.7% Hardware
Growth
24.5%
Annual Rate
Investment
85B
TRY (2024)
Digital
985B
TRY
Tech Economy

Research & Development

Research Network:

245 Research Centers

87 Technoparks

185 Corporate R&D Labs

450 University Labs

₺45B Equipment

Key Projects (2024):

National AI Strategy

Digital Turkey

Defense Innovation

Smart Cities

Green Tech

Output (2023):

18,500 Patents Filed

45,000 Publications

850 Tech Transfers

385 Int'l Projects

₺185B Economic Impact

Research Investment
48.5% Private42.8% State8.7% Academic
Impact
0.85
Citation Index
Global
28.5%
Collaboration
R&D
1.2%
of GDP
₺65B Total

Tech Workforce

Talent Pool (2024):

285K Tech Workers

95K Developers

45K Data Scientists

85K IT Engineers

25K AI Specialists

Education:

125 Tech Institutes

85K IT Students

28K Annual Grads

85.5% Employment Rate

78.5% Retention Rate

Avg. Salary (₺K/Year):

Senior Dev: 850K

Data Scientist: 780K

DevOps Eng: 720K

AI Engineer: 920K

Tech Lead: 1.2M

Specialization
45.5% Services38.8% Software15.7% Research
Employed
85.5%
Tech Graduates
Demand
45K
Open Positions
Annual
15.5%
Growth
Tech Employment

Tourism

Tourism Overview

Key Metrics (2024):

Int'l Visitors: 56.7M/year

Domestic Trips: 85.3M/year

Total Revenue: $54.3B

GDP Contribution: 11.4%

Tourism Jobs: 2.6M

Top Origins:

Russia: 16.9%

Germany: 12.4%

UK: 8.7%

Iran: 6.8%

Bulgaria: 5.3%

Top Destinations:

Istanbul: 17.8M/year

Antalya: 15.7M/year

Muğla: 4.2M/year

İzmir: 2.9M/year

Cappadocia: 2.7M/year

Top Int'l Destinations
Istanbul: 41.2%Antalya: 36.4%Muğla: 9.7%
Int'l Tourist Spending
$54.3B
Domestic Trips
85.3M
UNWTO
#6
Tourism
Rank

Tourism Infrastructure

Accommodation (2024):

Total Hotels: 13,892

Occupancy Rate: 68.7%

Avg. Daily Rate: $112

Resort Hotels: 2,483

Boutique Hotels: 1,847

Seasonal Activities:

Summer: Beaches, Water Sports

Fall: Cultural Tours, Hiking

Winter: Skiing, Thermal Spas

Spring: Balloon Rides, Festivals

Year-round: Bazaars, Hammams

Key Attractions:

Historic Sites: 34,827

Beaches: 486

Museums: 494

UNESCO Sites: 19

Thermal Springs: 1,300

Most Visited Attractions
Hagia Sophia: 3.7MTopkapı: 3.4MEphesus: 2.9M
Total Hotels
13,892
Transport Coverage
89.4%
WEF Report
A-
Infrastructure
Grade

Visitor Experience

Satisfaction (2024):

Overall Rating: 8.7/10

Value for Money: 9.1/10

Safety: 8.2/10

Hospitality: 9.3/10

Return Intent: 82%

Popular Activities:

Beach/Resort: 89.7%

Historical Sites: 87.4%

Shopping/Bazaars: 84.2%

Turkish Baths: 76.8%

Food Tours: 72.3%

Spending Patterns:

Accommodation: 31.2%

Shopping: 24.8%

Food & Beverage: 19.7%

Activities: 15.4%

Transport: 8.9%

Visitor Satisfaction
Overall: 8.7Value: 9.1Safety: 8.2
Avg. Daily Spend
$87
Return Rate
82%
TripAdvisor
#7
Experience
Rank

Infrastructure

Transportation

Road Network:

68,500 KM Total

3,850 KM Motorways

75% Good Condition

8,950 Major Bridges

₺485B Investment

Rail System:

13,000 KM Track

High Speed: 2,250 KM

Metro: 850 KM

Freight: 5,500 KM

₺385B Network

Air & Sea:

56 Active Airports

217 Seaports

Istanbul Mega Hub

₺285B Port Value

₺425B Air Network

Network Distribution
Road: 45%Rail: 35%Air: 20%
Coverage
88%
National Access
Condition
75%
Infrastructure Grade
Annual
1.58
Trillion TRY
Transport Budget

Utilities

Power Grid:

1.3M KM Lines

685 Power Plants

44% Renewable Mix

385 Smart Stations

₺385B Network

Water Systems:

385,000 KM Pipes

32 Major Dams

82% Quality Rate

1,250 Treatment

₺285B Network

Management:

Waste: 92% Coverage

Gas: 165,000 KM

Energy Hub Status

Smart Grid: 58%

Storage: 28 TWh

System Distribution
Power: 42%Water: 38%Gas: 20%
Coverage
92%
Service Access
Reliability
85%
System Uptime
Annual
885
Billion TRY
Utility Budget

Digital Infrastructure

Network Coverage:

6G: Research Phase

5G: 72% Coverage

Fiber: 65% Access

Rural: 58% High-Speed

₺285B Investment

Smart Systems:

28 Smart Cities

8.5M IoT Devices

185 Data Centers

78% Cloud Access

₺185B Network

Innovation:

AI Integration: 55%

Quantum Ready: 25%

Edge Computing: 48%

Digital Twin: 35%

Cyber Defense: 72%

Tech Distribution
Network: 42%Cloud: 38%Edge: 20%
Speed
82%
Global Ranking
Access
78%
Population Coverage
Annual
585
Billion TRY
Digital Investment

International Relations

Diplomatic Status

Key Alliances:

NATO Member

EU Candidate

G20 Nation

OIC Leadership

D-8 Member

Representation:

142 Embassies Active

92 Consulates General

32 Cultural Centers

3,250 Diplomatic Staff

₺48B MFA Budget

Current Status:

Regional Power

Defense Industry

Energy Hub

Trade Gateway

Tech Development

Mission Distribution
Embassy: 45%Consulate: 35%Cultural: 20%
Global
86%
Diplomatic Coverage
Regional
92%
Integration Level
Active
178
Diplomatic
Relations

Treaties & Agreements

Major Treaties:

EU Customs (₺2.8T)

NATO Defense

Russia Trade (₺985B)

China Deal (₺865B)

ME Trade (₺725B)

Trade Status:

EU: ₺2.8T Flow

Russia: ₺985B Deal

China: ₺865B Trade

US: ₺685B Exchange

UAE: ₺425B Pact

Key Agreements:

Defense Tech (₺385B)

Energy Hub (₺425B)

Trade Routes (₺365B)

Tech Transfer (₺245B)

Tourism Flow (₺285B)

Agreement Types
Trade: 42%Defense: 38%Tech: 20%
Active
542
Total Treaties
Trade
6.8T
Annual TRY
New
32
Agreements
In 2024

Conflicts & Disputes

Active Disputes:

Maritime Zones (EEZ)

EU Access (₺685B)

Tech Transfer (₺425B)

Energy Rights (₺385B)

Trade Rules (₺285B)

Trade Impacts:

EU Market (-22%)

Defense Tech (+45%)

Energy Trade (+38%)

Tech Imports (-15%)

Regional Flow (+32%)

Resolution Progress:

Maritime Talks +25%

EU Dialogue +18%

Tech Access +42%

Energy Coop +55%

Trade Routes +48%

Issue Distribution
Territory: 42%Trade: 38%Rights: 20%
Resolved
6
2024 Disputes
Active
8
Major Issues
Total
1.8
Trillion TRY
Under Dispute

Military

Armed Forces

Army:

260,000 Active

95,000 Combat Forces

75,000 Combat Support

55,000 Logistics

35,000 Command/Intel

Navy:

45,000 Active

20,000 Surface Fleet

8,000 Submarine Force

5,000 Naval Aviation

12,000 Support/Coastal

Air Force:

50,000 Active

20,000 Combat Air

15,000 Air Defense

8,000 Space/Drone

7,000 Tech/Support

Force Distribution
Army: 73%Navy: 13%Air: 14%
Total
355,000
Active Personnel
Combat
285,000
Ready Force
Personnel
420
Per 100K
Population

Equipment & Strategic Forces

Conventional:

2,378 Main Battle Tanks

240 Combat Aircraft

12 Submarines

16 Frigates

120 Surface Combatants

Strategic:

750 Ballistic Missiles

60 B-1 Nuclear Storage

436 Combat Drones

8 AWACS

4 Intel Satellites

Space & Tech:

8 Military Satellites

5,000 Cyber Force

2 Space Centers

12 Early Warning Radar

25 Ground Stations

Asset Distribution
Land: 2,378Air: 240Sea: 148
Modern
75%
Fleet Status
Strategic
85%
Readiness
Total
2,766
Major
Systems

Defense Capabilities

Operations:

4 Field Armies

NATO Member

Regional Operations

7 Foreign Bases

12+ Countries

Industry:

ASELSAN

Turkish Aerospace

ROKETSAN

Baykar Defense

STM Defense

Budget:

$15.8B Total

$13.7B Base

$2.1B Research

2.1% GDP

Indigenous Growth

Budget Allocation
Personnel: 45%Operations: 35%Research: 20%
Local
$7.5B
Industry Output
Active
90%
Operation Rate
Per Soldier
$44K
Annual
Investment
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