OGRe
Open Global Research

United Kingdom

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

UK

Flag of the United Kingdom
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom

Government Information

Capital: London

Population: 67.3 million (2023 est)

Area: 242,495 km² (93,628 sq mi)

Government Type: Unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy

Head of State: King Charles III

Head of Government: Prime Minister Rishi Sunak

Legislature: Parliament (House of Commons, House of Lords)

National Language: English

Establishment: Acts of Union 1707

Photos

UK Landscape 1
UK Landscape 2
UK Landscape 3
UK Cityscape 1
UK Cityscape 2
UK Cityscape 3

Demographics

Population Stats

Core Metrics (2024):

Total Population: 67.3M

Growth Rate: 0.47%

Median Age: 40.7

Life Expectancy: 81.3

Population Density: 278/km²

Age Distribution:

0-14 years: 17.6%

15-64 years: 63.8%

65+ years: 18.6%

Working Age: 42.9M

Dependency Ratio: 56.7%

Geographic Split:

Urban: 84.3%

Rural: 15.7%

Greater London: 13.4%

Major Cities: 35.8%

Other Urban: 35.1%

Region Distribution
England: 84.3%Scotland: 8.4%Wales: 5.1%
London Metro
9M
Population 15-40
23.6M
World
#21
Population
Rank

Social Indicators

Education (2024):

Literacy Rate: 99%

Higher Education: 52.7%

Public Universities: 142

Student Population: 2.9M

Education Spending: 5.5% GDP

Social Metrics:

Healthcare Coverage: 100%

Social Security: 98.7%

Income Equality: 35.1 Gini

Poverty Rate: 18.6%

Middle Class: 68.3%

Cultural Data:

Christian: 46.2%

No Religion: 37.4%

Muslim: 6.5%

Other: 9.9%

Languages: English (98%)

Religious Distribution
Christian: 46.2%None: 37.4%Muslim: 6.5%
Population in Poverty
12.5M
Christian Population
31.1M
Social
0.932
Development
Index

Demographic Trends

Household Data (2024):

Average Size: 2.4 people

Single Person: 29.3%

Nuclear Family: 42.1%

Extended Family: 15.8%

Multi-Family: 2.4%

Marriage & Family:

Marriage Rate: 4.1/1000

Divorce Rate: 1.7/1000

Median Marriage Age: 32.4

First Child Age: 29.1

Home Ownership: 63.5%

Living Patterns:

Renting: 36.5%

Mortgage Holders: 28.7%

Outright Owners: 34.8%

Shared Housing: 10.4%

Avg. Household Income: £34.1K

Ethnic Distribution
White: 81.7%Asian: 9.3%Other: 9.0%
Annual Population Change
+0.47%
White Population
55M
2050
73.4M
Population
Forecast

Economy

Economic Assets

Core Metrics (2024):

GDP: £2.9T

GDP Growth: 1.8%

GDP Per Capita: £43.2K

National Debt: £2.7T

Debt/GDP: 93%

Market Data:

Stock Market Cap: £3.2T

Bond Market: £2.8T

Forex Reserves: £185B

Gold Reserves: 310 tons

Currency Strength: 1.27

Trade (2024):

Exports: £850B

Imports: £920B

Balance: -£70B

Trade Volume: £1.77T

Partners: 160+ countries

Economic Health
Fiscal: 82%Market: 88%Growth: 85%
Market Confidence
88%
Global Position
90%
Global
#6
Ranking
Economic Power

Budget Breakdown

Government Budget (2024):

Total Budget: £1.2T

Defense: £55.2B

Healthcare (NHS): £190B

Social Protection: £280B

Debt Interest: £115B

Key Allocations:

Education: £75B

Transport: £45B

Housing: £35B

Public Order: £42B

R&D: £25B

Revenue Sources:

Income Tax: £250B

National Insurance: £180B

VAT: £170B

Corporation Tax: £85B

Other Taxes: £125B

Budget Efficiency
Spending: 84%Revenue: 86%Balance: 82%
Spending Efficiency
84%
Revenue Performance
86%
Fiscal
84%
Efficiency
Rating

Economic Performance

Key Indicators (2024):

Inflation Rate: 4.2%

Interest Rate: 5.25%

Unemployment: 4.2%

Labor Force: 33M

Job Growth: +28K/mo

Market Stats (2024):

FTSE 100: +3.8% = 7,733.24

FTSE 250: +4.2% = 19,233.91

FTSE AIM: +2.1% = 742.76

Market Vol: £4.8B/day

IPOs: 45/year

Sector Growth:

Financial Services: +5.2%

Technology: +6.8%

Manufacturing: +2.5%

Services: +3.8%

Energy: +4.5%

Economic Vitality
Growth: 85%Stability: 88%Innovation: 86%
Economic Health
86%
Market Leadership
88%
Global
87%
Performance
Rating

Culture

Cultural Assets

Heritage Sites (2024):

UNESCO World Heritage: 33

Cultural Sites: 28

Natural Sites: 4

Mixed Sites: 1

Memory of World: 42

Infrastructure:

Museums: 2,850

Cultural Centers: 3,450

Theaters: 1,250

Art Galleries: 1,850

Heritage Sites: 4,250

Investment (2024):

Total: £12.5B

Per Capita: £185

% of GDP: 0.8%

Public Share: 65%

Private Share: 35%

Cultural Access
Free Entry: 96%Daily: 94%Virtual: 95%
Heritage Preservation
95.5%
Public Accessibility
96%
Global
#5
Ranking
Cultural Heritage

Cultural Engagement

Annual Events (2024):

Cultural Festivals: 3,850

Art Exhibitions: 2,250

Heritage Events: 1,850

Theater Shows: 12,500

Music Events: 8,500

Participation:

Festival Attendance: 85M

Museum Visits: 125M

Theater Audience: 45M

Gallery Visits: 35M

Digital Access: 98%

Major Events:

Edinburgh Festival: 4.5M

Notting Hill: 2.5M

Proms Season: 2.8M

Heritage Open Days: 3.5M

Cultural Week: 1.8M

Cultural Engagement
Physical: 96%Digital: 94%Youth: 95%
Regular Events
285M
Major Festivals
165M
Annual
450M
Participants
Cultural Events

Cultural Identity

Cultural Sectors:

Traditional Arts: 125K

Theater & Drama: 85K

Visual Arts: 65K

Heritage: 185K

Modern Arts: 95K

Cultural Practice:

Active Artists: 450K

Performers: 285K

Musicians: 165K

Writers: 85K

Cultural Groups: 45K

Recognition:

Living Heritage: 850

Protected Crafts: 1,250

Cultural Routes: 450

Master Artists: 2,850

Heritage Labels: 1,450

Heritage Activities
Traditional: 94%Modern: 96%Digital: 95%
Traditional Practice
94%
Youth Engagement
95%
Active
2.1M
Practitioners
Cultural Arts

News

Education

Education System

Coverage (2024):

Public System: 93.5%

Primary: 99.5%

Secondary: 95.8%

Private Schools: 6.5%

Higher Ed: 52.3%

Infrastructure:

State Schools: 24,850

Independent Schools: 2,650

Universities: 165

Further Education: 235

Research Centers: 485

Expenditure (2024):

Total: £103B

Per Student: £7.2K

% of GDP: 5.2%

Public Share: 93.5%

Private Share: 6.5%

Education Access
Basic: 99.5%Secondary: 95.8%Higher: 52.3%
Literacy (Adult Rate)
99.0%
GCSE Pass Rate (A*-C)
79.9%
Global
#5
Ranking
Education System

Education Metrics

PISA Scores (2022):

Math: 489

Reading: 494

Science: 500

OECD Average Gap: +2.5%

Global Rank: 15th

Key Indicators:

Student-Teacher: 17:1

A-Level Pass Rate: 98.4%

Dropout Rate: 5.3%

Digital Access: 99.8%

Research Output: 6.3%

Quality:

Russell Group Unis: 24

Int'l Publications: 185K

Research Impact: 1.58

Patents Filed: 65K

Int'l Partnerships: 2,850

Education Quality
A-Level: 98.4%Digital: 99.8%Quality: 95.5%
University Rankings (Top 100)
18
Research (Global Share)
6.3%
Quality
A
Grade
Ofsted Rating

Education Workforce

Educators:

Teachers: 625K

Professors: 185K

Researchers: 225K

Admin Staff: 185K

Support Staff: 285K

Training (2024):

Teaching Schools: 85

Annual NQTs: 35K

PhD Programs: 1,850

Research Posts: 45K

Training Centers: 235

Avg. Salary (£/Year):

Primary Teacher: 35K

Secondary: 38K

University Prof: 65K

Senior Prof: 85K

Researcher: 45K

Student-Teacher Ratio
17:1 Primary16:1 Secondary18:1 Higher
Staffing (Positions Filled)
95.5%
Qualified (Teaching Staff)
98.5%
Growth
1.2%
Annual
Workforce Expansion

Healthcare

Healthcare System

Coverage (2024):

NHS Coverage: 100%

Private Insurance: 13.5%

Dual Coverage: 10.8%

NHS Registered: 61.7M

Int'l Agreements: 27

Infrastructure:

1,229 Hospitals

141,000 Hospital Beds

6,822 GP Practices

11,400 Pharmacies

15,000 Care Homes

Expenditure (2024):

Total: £190.3B

Per Capita: £2,989

% of GDP: 10.2%

Public Share: 79.5%

Private Share: 20.5%

Healthcare Access
86.5% NHS Only2.7% Private10.8% Both
Occupancy
89.3%
Hospital Beds
Access
94.8%
Care Availability
WHO Ranking
18
Global
Healthcare System

Health Metrics

Life Expectancy:

Overall: 81.3 years

Male: 79.3 years

Female: 83.1 years

Healthy Life: 63.1 years

Global Rank: #25

Key Indicators:

Infant Mortality: 3.7/1K

Maternal Mortality: 9.6/100K

Obesity Rate: 28.0%

Diabetes: 7.1%

Heart Disease: 7.6%

Prevention:

Vaccination Rate: 93.8%

Screening Rate: 82.5%

Health Checkups: 71.2%

Mental Health: 19.6%

Chronic Care: 89.3%

Population Health
75.5% Excellent/Good18.2% Fair6.3% Poor
Quality
88.5%
Patient Satisfaction
Outcomes
82.3%
Success Rate
Health
A-
Grade
National Rating

Medical Workforce

Healthcare Workers:

Physicians: 186K

Nurses: 669K

Specialists: 89K

Pharmacists: 56K

Support Staff: 1.2M

Education (2024):

Medical Schools: 33

Annual Med Graduates: 7.5K

Nursing Programs: 72

Training Posts: 8.1K

Teaching Hospitals: 178

Avg. Salary (£/Year):

Junior Doctor: 45K

Consultant: 88K

Nurse (Band 5): 27K

Specialist Nurse: 38K

GP: 72K

Provider Ratio
2.8 Physicians10.1 Nurses1.3 Specialists
per 1,000 Population
Staffing
89.5%
Filled Positions
Specialists
82.5%
Availability
Growth
2.1%
Annual
Workforce Expansion

Technology

Tech Innovation

Tech Ecosystem:

45 Tech Unicorns

12,500+ Active Startups

£28.5B Investment (2024)

250+ Tech Incubators

18 Major Tech Hubs

Key Sectors (2024):

FinTech: £125B

AI/ML: £85B

Digital Services: £65B

Clean Tech: £45B

Health Tech: £35B

Growth Areas:

Quantum Tech: £12B

Space Tech: £8.5B

Biotech: £15B

Cyber Security: £18B

Deep Tech: £22B

Tech Market Share
52.5% Services35.8% Software11.7% Hardware
Growth
7.5%
Annual Rate
Investment
28.5B
GBP (2024)
Digital
285B
GBP
Tech Economy

Research & Development

Research Network:

485 Research Centers

165 Universities

450 Corporate R&D Labs

850 Innovation Hubs

£85B Equipment

Key Projects (2024):

AI & Data Strategy

Quantum Computing

Net Zero Tech

Digital Health

Space Innovation

Output (2023):

45,000 Patents Filed

185,000 Publications

2,850 Tech Transfers

1,250 Int'l Projects

£225B Economic Impact

Research Investment
68.5% Private22.8% State8.7% Academic
Impact
1.85
Citation Index
Global
55.5%
Collaboration
R&D
1.8%
of GDP
£45B Total

Tech Workforce

Talent Pool (2024):

2.1M Tech Workers

450K Developers

185K Data Scientists

285K IT Engineers

95K AI Specialists

Education:

285 Tech Institutes

185K IT Students

85K Annual Grads

92.5% Employment Rate

85.5% Retention Rate

Avg. Salary (£/Year):

Senior Dev: 85K

Data Scientist: 78K

DevOps Eng: 72K

AI Engineer: 92K

Tech Lead: 120K

Specialization
48.5% Services38.8% Software12.7% Research
Employed
92.5%
Tech Graduates
Demand
85K
Open Positions
Annual
4.5%
Growth
Tech Employment

Tourism

Tourism Overview

Key Metrics (2024):

Int'l Visitors: 37.9M/year

Domestic Trips: 1.2B/year

Total Revenue: £237B

GDP Contribution: 10.1%

Tourism Jobs: 3.2M

Top Origins:

USA: 15.8%

France: 12.4%

Germany: 11.7%

Ireland: 8.9%

Spain: 7.3%

Top Destinations:

London: 32.1M/year

Edinburgh: 4.9M/year

Manchester: 3.8M/year

Birmingham: 2.9M/year

Glasgow: 2.5M/year

Top Int'l Destinations
London: 53.2%Edinburgh: 12.9%Manchester: 10.1%
Int'l Tourist Spending
£28.4B
Domestic Trips
1.2B
UNWTO
#8
Tourism
Rank

Tourism Infrastructure

Accommodation (2024):

Total Hotels: 45,718

Occupancy Rate: 71.4%

Avg. Daily Rate: £126

Short-term Rentals: 284K

B&Bs/Guesthouses: 24,312

Seasonal Activities:

Summer: Festivals, Gardens, Cricket

Fall: Heritage Sites, Theatre

Winter: Christmas Markets, Museums

Spring: Gardens, Walking Tours

Year-round: Pubs, Shopping

Key Attractions:

Historic Sites: 28,614

Museums: 2,500

Theatres: 1,108

UNESCO Sites: 33

National Parks: 15

Most Visited Attractions
British Museum: 6.2MTate Modern: 5.9MNat'l Gallery: 5.6M
Total Hotels
45,718
Transport Coverage
96.8%
WEF Report
A+
Infrastructure
Grade

Visitor Experience

Satisfaction (2024):

Overall Rating: 8.6/10

Value for Money: 7.4/10

Safety: 8.8/10

Hospitality: 8.3/10

Return Intent: 84%

Popular Activities:

Heritage Sites: 91.2%

Dining/Pubs: 88.6%

Museums: 82.7%

Shopping: 79.4%

Theatre/Arts: 68.3%

Spending Patterns:

Accommodation: 34.8%

Food & Beverage: 23.4%

Shopping: 18.7%

Activities: 14.2%

Transport: 8.9%

Visitor Satisfaction
Overall: 8.6Value: 7.4Safety: 8.8
Avg. Daily Spend
£187
Return Rate
84%
TripAdvisor
#5
Experience
Rank

Infrastructure

Transportation

Road Network:

262,300 Miles Total

72% Good Condition

2,300 Mi Motorways

72,000 Bridges

£285B Investment

Rail System:

10,000 Miles Track

HS2: 330 Miles Plan

Metro: 250 Miles

Freight: 6,000 Mi

£185B Network

Air & Sea:

24 Major Airports

120 Commercial Ports

8 Mega Terminals

£165B Port Value

£145B Air Network

Network Distribution
Road: 42%Rail: 38%Air: 20%
Coverage
94%
National Access
Condition
72%
Infrastructure Grade
Annual
685
Billion GBP
Transport Budget

Utilities

Power Grid:

450,000 Miles Lines

2,850 Power Plants

48% Renewable Mix

850 Smart Stations

£245B Network

Water Systems:

215,000 Miles Pipes

28 Major Companies

92% Quality Rate

6,800 Treatment

£185B Network

Management:

Waste: 98% Coverage

Gas: 175,000 Miles

Steam: 125 Networks

Smart Grid: 75%

Storage: 42 TWh

System Distribution
Power: 45%Water: 35%Gas: 20%
Coverage
98%
Service Access
Reliability
94%
System Uptime
Annual
485
Billion GBP
Utility Budget

Digital Infrastructure

Network Coverage:

6G: Test Phase

5G: 85% Coverage

Fiber: 78% Access

Rural: 72% High-Speed

£165B Investment

Smart Systems:

42 Smart Cities

12M IoT Devices

450 Data Centres

88% Cloud Access

£185B Network

Innovation:

AI Integration: 72%

Quantum Ready: 32%

Edge Computing: 68%

Digital Twin: 52%

Cyber Defence: 85%

Tech Distribution
Network: 42%Cloud: 38%Edge: 20%
Speed
92%
Global Ranking
Access
88%
Population Coverage
Annual
385
Billion GBP
Digital Investment

International Relations

Diplomatic Status

Key Alliances:

NATO Core Member

AUKUS Partner

G7 Nation

Commonwealth Head

Five Eyes Lead

Representation:

226 Diplomatic Posts

168 Embassies Active

45 Cultural Centers

14,500 FCDO Staff

£4.8B FCDO Budget

Current Status:

Global Power

Financial Hub

Tech Innovation

Defense Leader

Green Finance

Mission Distribution
Embassy: 48%Consulate: 32%Cultural: 20%
Global
94%
Diplomatic Coverage
Commonwealth
96%
Integration Level
Active
192
Diplomatic
Relations

Treaties & Agreements

Major Treaties:

EU Trade (£425B)

US Alliance (£285B)

CPTPP Deal (£245B)

Indo-Pacific (£185B)

AUKUS Pact (£165B)

Trade Status:

EU: £425B Flow

US: £285B Trade

China: £185B Deal

India: £145B Pact

Japan: £125B Exchange

Key Agreements:

Financial Services (£285B)

Defense Tech (£225B)

Green Energy (£165B)

Digital Trade (£145B)

Space Tech (£85B)

Agreement Types
Trade: 45%Defense: 35%Tech: 20%
Active
768
Total Treaties
Trade
1.4T
Annual GBP
New
42
Agreements
In 2024

Conflicts & Disputes

Active Disputes:

EU Market (£285B)

Fishing Rights (£42B)

Tech Transfer (£85B)

Financial Rules (£165B)

Trade Standards (£95B)

Trade Impacts:

EU Services (-18%)

Global Finance (+32%)

Tech Exports (+28%)

Defense Trade (+45%)

Green Tech (+38%)

Resolution Progress:

EU Protocol +45%

Trade Rules +38%

Tech Rights +42%

Financial Access +35%

Standards Align +28%

Issue Distribution
Territory: 42%Trade: 38%Rights: 20%
Resolved
8
2024 Disputes
Active
6
Major Issues
Total
672
Billion GBP
Under Dispute

Military

Armed Forces

Army:

82,000 Active

32,000 Combat Forces

23,000 Combat Support

18,000 Logistics

9,000 Command/Intel

Navy:

33,000 Active

7,000 Surface Fleet

6,500 Submarine Service

7,700 Royal Marines

11,800 Support/Aviation

Air Force:

33,000 Active

9,500 Combat Air

8,500 Air Transport

7,000 Ground Support

8,000 Tech/Logistics

Force Distribution
Army: 55%Navy: 22%Air: 23%
Total
148,000
Active Personnel
Combat
120,000
Ready Force
Personnel
220
Per 100K
Population

Equipment & Strategic Forces

Conventional:

227 Main Battle Tanks

245 Combat Aircraft

7 Attack Submarines

2 Aircraft Carriers

50 Destroyers/Frigates

Strategic:

225 Nuclear Warheads

4 Vanguard Submarines

40 Trident II Missiles

8 Missiles per Sub

5 Warheads per Missile

Space & Tech:

8 Military Satellites

2,000 Cyber Personnel

6 Strategic SIGINT Sites

3 Space Operations Centers

13 Early Warning Radars

Asset Distribution
Land: 535Sea: 245Air: 120
Modern
92%
Fleet Status
Strategic
95%
Readiness
Total
900
Major
Systems

Defense Capabilities

Operations:

Joint Forces HQ

NATO Leadership

Global Presence

6 Commands

80+ Countries

Industry:

BAE Systems

Rolls-Royce

QinetiQ

Babcock

MBDA UK

Budget:

$71.6B Total

$62.5B Base

$9.1B Research

2.2% GDP

Growth Plan

Budget Allocation
Personnel: 40%Operations: 35%Research: 25%
Local
$28.5B
Industry Output
Active
88%
Operation Rate
Per Soldier
$484K
Annual
Investment
Return to the OGRe Dashboard Copyright 2025 OGRe